The training of pedagogical personnel in higher education institutions is pivotal for developing effective educators. This article examines key factors influencing this training process, including curriculum design, pedagogical strategies, assessment methods, technology integration, and alignment with educational needs. It highlights the importance of a dynamic and responsive approach to ensure that educational programs are relevant and effective. Emphasizing a competency-based curriculum, diverse pedagogical methods, comprehensive assessment strategies, and the integration of technology, the article also addresses the need for ongoing professional development and collaboration with educational stakeholders. By addressing these elements, higher education institutions can better prepare future educators to meet the evolving demands of the education sector.

Climate change poses significant challenges to ecosystems, weather patterns, and human societies. Accurate predictions are essential for effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a powerful tool in climate science. AI can process and integrate vast and complex climate data, enhance climate models, and improve predictive analytics. This article explores the role of AI in climate prediction, highlighting various techniques such as neural networks, random forests, support vector machines, and generative adversarial networks. Applications of AI-driven climate predictions include extreme weather forecasting, carbon emission tracking, agricultural planning, and urban infrastructure resilience. Despite its potential, the application of AI in climate prediction faces challenges related to data quality, model interpretability, computational resources, and ethical considerations. Addressing these challenges through a collaborative and innovative approach is crucial for leveraging AI to better understand and address climate change.

Epididymitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle.^[1] Onset of pain is typically over a day or two.^[1] The pain may improve with raising the testicle.^[1] Other symptoms may include swelling of the testicle, burning with urination, or frequent urination.^[1] Inflammation of the testicle is commonly also present.

neurological disorders have a great impact on human life. This does not go unnoticed in his social life, education and many other life factors. This article discusses the impact of rare neurological disorders as well as neurological disorders on human education as well as therapy.

 Koreans who were deported to Central Asia in 1937 from the Far East quickly adapted to the natural geographic conditions and socio-economic environment. And with their hard work they have earned due respect. In the process of neighboring the peoples of Central Asia, the traditions of Korean cuisine, construction and clothing have undergone many changes. In this regard, this article is devoted to the sociocultural situation of the Korean diaspora in the 90s of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and aspects of modern diaspora practice.

Academic mobility is one of the important aspects of the modern education system, which gives students and teachers the opportunity to study or teach in the conditions they want. Not only internal mobility, but also international mobility is increasing today. Many of our students express their desire to study at foreign universities. Such steps will strengthen both the education system and inter-state relations of the commonwealth.

This article provides a methodological basis based on the role of traditional handicrafts in the socio-economic life of the Khorezm oasis and the uniqueness of the studied materials, and analyzes historical, ethnographic and art history data based on a structural approach. done Also, through historical-comparative methods, information on the important aspects of the training of craftsmen in Khiva Khanate and the traditions of master-apprenticeship was highlighted based on historical written sources, as well as archaeological, ethnographic sources and archival documents.

The use of words in a communicative context can create different relationships of meaning between them. These are the cases of synonymy, antonymy, hyperonymy and hyponymy. In this article we will provide you the information about the Lexical relations in semantics.

Semantics is the area of ​​Linguistics that studies the meaning of words, phrases, expressions, etc., in a specific context. Thus, sometimes, the meanings can receive different interpretations because they are in different communicative situations as well. This relationship between the different meanings of a word is called the sense relationship.

Because they are not properly differentiated or defined, the concepts of semantic field and lexical field are often confused. Both the semantic field and the lexical field are used by textual linguistics in order to make the best and most appropriate use of words in the Portuguese language. To understand them better, we propose some clarifications and some conceptualizations:

The high prevalence of root caries and the frequency of violation of the marginal seal of fillings makes the problem of choosing a filling material for the treatment of root caries relevant. For the study, filling materials of various classes were selected, the most commonly used in filling carious cavities: a nanohybrid composite with a fifth-generation adhesive system, triple-curing hybrid glass ionomer cement (GIC), packable self-curing glass ionomer cement of increased strength.

The role of class leaders in creating cooperation with parents of pupils in secondary schools, class leader's pedagogical techniques, functional points in increasing pedagogical knowledge of class leaders.

This article is devoted to the performing arts of the Karakalpaks, which describes the features of the Karakalpak art forms, the repertoire of artists and performances.

This article explores the implementation of innovative pedagogical approaches to cultivate creativity and critical thinking abilities among elementary students in Uzbekistan. The findings suggest that these student-centered methods promote active engagement, knowledge application, and the development of 21st century skills. The article discusses the implications of these approaches for teacher training, curriculum design, and educational policy in Uzbekistan. Adopting these innovative practices on a wider scale could significantly enhance the quality of elementary education and prepare students for future challenges.

In this paper, the isometry properties of SFS-spaces are studied. It is proved that a linear operator is a surjective isometry if and only if it maps the set of indecomposable geometric tripotents onto itself and preserves the orthogonality relations on the set of indecomposable geometric tripotents.

The modern national innovation system is a set of organizational, legislative, structural and functional components that ensure the development of innovations. The national innovation system of Uzbekistan is at the stage of formation and is one of the countries that has all the necessary basic elements for the implementation of innovative activities. This article covers the issues of innovative economic development of higher education institutions. 

Stocks and warehousing play pivotal roles in modern transport logistics, serving as critical nodes in supply chain management. This abstract examines their significance in ensuring efficient movement, storage, and distribution of goods across global supply chains. Effective stocks management in warehouses facilitates optimized inventory levels, reducing stockouts and minimizing carrying costs while enabling just-in-time delivery strategies. Furthermore, well-managed warehouses enhance customer satisfaction by ensuring timely order fulfillment and maintaining product availability. In terms of supply chain efficiency, warehouses mitigate risks of disruptions, facilitate consolidation and distribution, and support cost-effective inventory management practices. Strategically, stocks and warehousing provide businesses with competitive advantages through enhanced market reach, operational flexibility, and the ability to meet evolving customer demands. By exploring these aspects, this abstract underscores the critical role of stocks and warehousing in modern transport logistics and their impact on overall supply chain performance and business success.

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) is a field dedicated to the education of non-native English speakers. This article explores the methodologies, challenges, and advancements in TESOL, highlighting the importance of cultural sensitivity, innovative teaching strategies, and technology integration in enhancing English language acquisition. By examining current research and case studies, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of effective TESOL practices and their impact on learners.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the management of land resources in Uzbekistan, balancing the need for food production with the preservation of environmental health. This article explores the impact of agricultural practices on land management in Uzbekistan, examining both sustainable and unsustainable methods. By analyzing case studies and recent research, we aim to highlight effective strategies for optimizing land use in agricultural settings, ensuring long-term productivity and ecological balance. The findings underscore the importance of integrating scientific advancements and traditional knowledge to promote sustainable agriculture in Uzbekistan.

In this article, the effect of seedling thickness, water-fertilizer (NPK) norms on the development of cotton in accordance with the irrigation regimes, the dependence of cotton growth and development, and the effect of fertilizer norms on plant growth in the maintenance of cotton varieties of PSUEAITI, conducted at the Sirdarya experimental farm, were studied;

The article examines the composer’s work of the representative of Italian musical culture of the 20 th century, Luigi Nono (1924-1990). The author of the article focuses on the humanistic aspects of the composer’s work, emphasizing their relevance and significance in the musical art of the XX st century.

Developіng the creatіve abіlіtіes of prіmary school students has always been a topіcal іssue. Thіs artіcle dіscusses modern forms, methods and technіques for developіng students' creatіve abіlіtіes usіng the TRІZ program іn prіmary school.

 In the ever-evolving landscape of language education, it is important to include interactive teaching methods to engage students, promote active learning, and increase language proficiency. When it comes to teaching Russian, interactive approaches play a crucial role in making the learning process dynamic, interesting and effective. In this article, we look at different interactive teaching methods that can be used to enrich Russian language learning and develop students' language skills with enthusiasm and confidence.

Vocabulary acquisition is a fundamental aspect of language learning, with implications for reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and overall language fluency. This systematic review examines the diverse designs, strategies, and theories that underpin vocabulary research in the field of language education. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of vocabulary research. This systematic review offers valuable insights into the diverse approaches to vocabulary research and provides a foundation for future studies in the field. By synthesizing findings from a wide range of studies, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence vocabulary acquisition and highlights the importance of adopting evidence-based practices in language education.

 The article presents the results of analysis of existing needle thread tension regulators in sewing machines, the advantages and their disadvantages are presented. On the basis of the analysis an effective constructive scheme of the needle thread tension regulator is developed. The constructive elements and principles of operation of the regulator of needle thread of the sewing machine are described in detail.

 In the article, linguistics and its methods of study, which are considered to be modern directions of linguistics, language and culture are the basis of study of the field, and the views of scientists about the methodology of linguistics. It is analyzed on the example of Hoshimov's works.

This article describes the use of modern technologies, information technologies, new textbooks, and interactive methods in the educational process in order to further develop the speech of elementary school students in order to improve their speech faster.  

The issue of the printing press, publishing house and press system in Khorezm at the end of the 19th century - the first quarter of the 20th century, which is one of the current scientific directions today, is one of the not thoroughly studied, but promising topics. In particular, the history of the activity of Otajon Abdolov, the first Uzbek printer who worked in this field, has been poorly studied and, unfortunately, is known to us only as a simple reference. From this point of view, this article is dedicated to one of the current problems of the history of Khorezm.

This article explores the method of explanation in teaching arithmetic operations to elementary students. It discusses the importance of clear, structured explanations in helping students grasp addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The article highlights strategies for effective explanation, including the use of visual aids, real-life examples, interactive activities, and scaffolding techniques. By employing these methods, teachers can enhance students' understanding and proficiency in arithmetic operations, laying a strong foundation for their future mathematical learning.

In the article, in the conditions of long-irrigated light gray soils of Surkhandarya region, the mid-ripening potato varieties "Sante" and "Yaroqli-2010" have two reproductive seed nodules, two cultivation methods, two row widths and three maintenance measures. In the scheme of 90x15 cm, an additional device is installed on the "Amak" tiller-cultivator or KRN-2,8A cultivator, 1st time 18 cm, 2nd time 23 cm deep, leaving a protective zone of 8-10 cm and softening and furrowing, the highest grade (25.3- 32.7 t/ha) and seed yield (13.4-17.9 t/ha) and 2.4-5.4 mln. per hectare. soums of net income and 11.8-21.5% additional profitability level increased, in the conditions of Surkhandarya region, a convenient planting method of growing potato varieties as double-cropped and double-cropped crops, as well as the effect of different methods of inter-row processing on soil physical properties in the care of potatoes information on.

This article is about the unique customs, traditions, values of the ceremonies held at the cradle wedding in Khorezm, their versatility, longevity, the fact that they are not carried out by some or single individuals, but by the majority, the people's rich cultural and spiritual heritage, ethno-territorial and ethno-cultural uniqueness, rituals to protect mothers and children, the expression of ancient ideas related to fire in Uzbek weddings and ceremonies to study the secrets, eye contact, secret customs as an integral part of the culture of every nation, to understand its essence, to follow what has been proven in life, to use human experience correctly, spiritual and moral information about concepts such as values.

This article discusses problems aimed at increasing students' ability to perceive art, teaching them to read the works of great artists, and forming their aesthetic imagination in fine arts classes.

The article discusses the issue of teaching students spelling rules based on the cacography method, that is, the method of identifying errors and correcting texts containing intentional errors.

Technologies, especially the results obtained in artificial intelligence and machine learning or deep learning prove that the language model and its knowledge based data can be created through a corpus. This article contains analytical materials related to scientific theories conducted in this field. The theoretical ideas included in this analysis will serve as a source for practical work to be carried out for the Uzbek language in the future.

Czarist Russia experienced an industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, and the demand for raw materials began to increase. The desire to conquer new territories, to create a large market from the conquered rich territories, to sell their industrial products duty-free, in addition, the memories of Bekovich-Cherkassky's expedition create a strong desire to occupy the Khanate of Khiva. For this purpose, the Perovsky expedition is organized. The results of the expedition, its impact on the embassy and trade relations are considered in this research paper.

Terrestrial insects are the most diverse group of animals and contribute significantly to biodiversity. Sampling using light traps is commonly used in studies of insect biodiversity. A wide variety of light traps of various designs are used. Over the past forty years, numerous light sources have been used to study the photoresponse of various insect species. However, not all light sources have been effective in attracting and collecting all nocturnal insect species in a given habitat. There are many factors that influence the success of light traps. Environmental conditions, trap design, height of the light source, radius of attraction of the light source, surrounding man-made light sources, wavelength, intensity of the light source, timing and duration of the light trap all affect the success of light traps. Therefore, we present an exclusive review of a light trap in a single-window system.

In this article, there are decisions and opinions about the work carried out in the native language textbooks regarding the types of debates for specialization, and there are views on the subject being understood. In relation to the use of expressions and sentences used in the teaching of the mother tongue, it is effective to apply the types of debates related to specialization in the mother tongue classes in relation to the importance of modern educational technologies in contrast to the traditional teaching methods of certain topics and skills. brings about. Also, the use of debates in improving the effectiveness of the lesson leads to better efficiency.

 In this article, there are thoughts and comments on the prevention and elimination of errors in the organization of written speech, and practical recommendations are given in the continuation of the article. The unique importance of pedagogical education is one of the urgent importance of the issue of training students and young people to be mature and good personnel in all respects is that the formation of written speech in the case of strict adherence to the standards of spelling literacy and methodical language is one of the urgent tasks.

Mazkur maqolada qadimdam xalqimiz madaniyating o‘ziga xos ifodasi bo‘lib kelgan hunarmandchilik an`analari, Jizzax vohasidagi hunar turlari, bu jarayonda hunarmand ayollarning faoliyati, ular mashg‘ul bo‘lgan hunar sohalari haqida so‘z boradi.

this article describes the role of the securities market in the economy, its specific features, forms of legal regulation of the securities market in the Republic of Uzbekistan and normative legal documents, participants of the securities market, classification of types, information about the securities market.

The article examines the issues of using information technologies in the modern educational process from the standpoint of the pedagogical-ergonomic approach. The use of information technologies from the point of view of pedagogical-ergonomic approaches improves the cognitive-qualification qualities of students-future teachers.

In this article, on the example of our nation's honored writers Mirkarim Osim and Oybek, an attempt is made to reveal how the figure of the great poet Alisher Navoi and his intelligence, philanthropy, his friendship with monarch HusaynBoyqaro, as well as his childhood and youth are described in Uzbek prose.

This article examines the issues of effective use of current assets and increasing profit per asset in manufacturing enterprises. The growth of current assets in relation to the volume of liabilities ensures the speed of the production process, the continuity of product supply and the efficiency of the enterprise.

The article analyzes the issues of the aesthetic nature of work in personal development, the formation of aesthetic feelings in the process of work, the diversity of work, the ability of a person to show and develop his creative power and abilities due to work, and the features of work in improving human spirituality.