The significance of ulcerative colitis diagnosis in conventional medicine, the many contemporary diagnoses of orcalous ulcerative colitis, the scope of the diagnostic using index and scale, and the established diagnosis of tugri are all discussed in this article.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the kidneys, potentially leading to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney damage, and other long-term complications. While management options for VUR include antibiotics, endoscopic treatments, and surgical interventions, reconstructive plastic surgery has shown to be an effective option for children with high-grade VUR, particularly in cases where other treatments fail. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of reconstructive plastic surgery, specifically ureteroneocystostomy (a procedure that re-implants the ureter into the bladder) in children with VUR. Through the review of existing literature, analysis of surgical outcomes, and patient follow-up data, this paper provides insights into the success rates, complications, and long-term outcomes associated with reconstructive surgery for VUR in pediatric populations.

The article discusses the significant role of the socio-economic conditions and spiritual environment in the formation of the philosophical views of the great thinker Abdurahman Jomi. At the same time, the specific aspects of the spiritual closeness between Alisher Navoi and Jomi are interpreted in detail. Orientalist Y.E. Bertels, studying the literary and social environment of this period, lists the significant aspects of Navoi's place in it.

Bronchopulmonary pathology in children includes acute and chronic diseases, among which a special place is occupied by recurrent obstructive bronchitis (ROB), which is a precursor to bronchial asthma. The study analyzed the clinical features and risk factors for the development of recurrent bronchitis in young children. The study included 90 children aged 3 months to 3 years, divided into two groups: with recurrent bronchitis and with recurrent bronchitis with broncho-obstruction. The main predisposing factors were identified, including perinatal complications, frequent respiratory infections, hereditary predisposition and allergic reactions. Clinical manifestations of broncho-obstruction were characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, cough and radiographic changes in the lungs. The study emphasizes the need for early detection and prevention of recurrent bronchitis in children with a high risk of developing bronchial asthma. 

The aim of the study was to identify the features of the clinical course and immune status in children with recurrent bronchitis. The studies were conducted in 117 children aged 4 to 6 years who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the Department of Pulmonology of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics with a diagnosis of recurrent bronchitis during the period of exacerbation of the disease. Among those hospitalized: boys – 65 (55.5%) and girls – 52 (44.4%). The main clinical features and immunological parameters were studied in all children.

The aim of the study was to study the features of cellular and humoral immunity in children with cystic fibrosis. 120 children with a mixed form of cystic fibrosis aged 0 to 14 years who were under observation at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics were examined. In children with cystic fibrosis, the level of IL-1b increased in the acute phase of the disease, and IL–8 significantly increased 2.85 times compared with the data of children in the control group, which averaged 59.27±2.41 pg/ml (P<0.001).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women, suggesting a role of sex hormones in its pathogenesis. Hormonal therapy, particularly corticosteroids, remains a cornerstone in SLE management. Additionally, sex hormones such as estrogens and androgens have been investigated for their effects on disease activity. While estrogen is known to promote autoimmune responses, androgens may have immunosuppressive effects. This article explores the mechanisms, clinical applications, benefits, and risks of hormonal therapy in lupus. The role of corticosteroids, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), oral contraceptives, and androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is examined. A balanced approach is necessary to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and eventual joint destruction. In its late stages, RA can cause severe disability, extra-articular manifestations, and reduced quality of life. Managing late-stage RA requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, and lifestyle modifications. This article explores the various treatment options for late-stage RA, focusing on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, corticosteroids, pain management strategies, and surgical interventions. Additionally, we discuss rehabilitation and supportive care strategies to enhance the quality of life for patients with advanced RA.

The presented article "Тhe effect of mineralodiphecite on the function of the gastrointestinal tract" is devoted to microelementosis. Trace element correction in modern practical medicine is gaining more and more supporters, convinced of the vital need to fill the deficiency of essential trace elements for the successful treatment of patients with various pathologies. A lack of minerals can have a significant impact on the function of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to pathological changes in the entire body, premature cell aging, diabetes, and carcinogenesis. It should be borne in mind that trace elements significantly affect the functioning of pro- and antioxidant systems. 

In sensitized individuals, when a particular pollen allergen interacts with a related food allergen, it triggers pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS). While oral symptoms are the most common manifestation, some individuals may experience additional symptoms such as nasal congestion, skin reactions, respiratory issues, or even life-threatening anaphylactic shock. The development of pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) involves mast cells in the oral mucosa, which are sensitized to specific pollen antigens bound to IgE. These mast cells then cross-react with food antigens, triggering a localized type I allergic response when ingesting foods containing protein antigens (panallergens) that share structural similarities with pollen antigens. The prevalence of PFAS is influenced by regional variations in pollen type and abundance. Due to the widespread presence of various pollen allergens, such as alder and grass, linked to this condition, research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a global endeavor. This review examines the latest findings on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of PFAS. We also highlight crucial research gaps that must be addressed to improve patient outcomes for those affected by PFAS.

Diarrhea is a condition characterized by frequent defecation, where the stool is loose or watery. This condition can be dangerous as it may lead to dehydration. Diarrhea can result from gastrointestinal infections, improper nutrition, stressful conditions, or drug-induced toxicity. Additionally, the underlying cause of diarrhea may include parasitic infections (helminths) or intestinal dysbiosis. It is essential to observe the frequency of defecation, stool odor (acidic, putrid), color (grayish, whitish), and the presence of blood. There are several types of bowel movement disorders, each with distinct characteristics that differentiate them from normal physiological conditions. Identifying these features is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Some mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of Lesbohol were studied in experimental animals. It was found that cyclooxygenase inhibition does not play a decisive role in the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Lesbohol. Removal of the adrenal glands clearly reduces the anti-inflammatory activity of Lesbohol associated with the suppression of glucocorticoid secretion. Lesbohol suppresses the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1-β and TNF-α) and increases the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Suppression of the kinin system and a decrease in vascular permeability are important factors in the anti-inflammatory action of Lesbohol. It is believed that the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Lesbohol is largely due to its antioxidant property.

This thesis explores the comparative analysis of surgical and conservative treatment methods for acute intestinal obstruction (AIO). The study emphasizes modern diagnostic technologies, preventive measures, and effective rehabilitation strategies. Key findings highlight the global impact of enhanced recovery protocols (ERAS) and the importance of integrating dietary and surgical innovations to optimize patient outcomes.

 Sharp  breath of the roads infections whole world along​​ children's illness and death​​ main from the reasons one to be global​​ on a scale respirator infections from 0 to 5 years old was​​ 2 million children close to death​ reason to be​ guess Approximately 80% of these respiratory infection cases are caused by viral pathogens such as influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1-3, adenovirus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and others .

Losing teeth is a painful circumstance for any person, especially in young age.  Dental implantation is common in the modern world, because it entirely replaces lost teeth.  This scientific article examines materials used in dental implantation technology.

This article explores the role of technological advancements in enhancing students' creativity while learning about liver and biliary tract diseases. Traditional teaching methods often focus on memorization and passive learning; however, modern technologies such as virtual simulations, artificial intelligence, digital pathology, and interactive e-learning platforms foster deeper understanding and creative problem-solving skills. By utilizing these innovative approaches, medical students can engage in active learning, develop critical thinking, and improve diagnostic reasoning. The paper discusses various technological tools used in medical education and their impact on students' creativity in understanding hepatobiliary disorders.

This paper explores creative approaches to teaching gastrointestinal pathology, incorporating problem-based learning (PBL), digital pathology, virtual microscopy, and interactive simulations. These modern teaching strategies enhance students’ engagement, critical thinking, and diagnostic abilities. The integration of innovative educational technologies fosters deeper learning, making the study of gastrointestinal pathology more practical and accessible.

This article includes a review of the results of characteristic CT and MRI studies associated with the monogenetic causes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children and adolescents. Stroke is a relatively rare, but significant cause of short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality in children. We studied it in three categories: arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), hemorrhagic stroke (HI), and cerebral synovial thrombosis (CST). The etiology of AIS in children is diverse and differs from the etiology of adult stroke, the main ones being congenital heart diseases, vasculopathies, hematological disorders, and prothrombotic conditions. Additional factors may be related to age group, ethnic and geographical factors. Early detection allows for the start of rapid therapy and thereby reduces the risk of further recurrence and complications. Comparative analysis of symptoms in arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and stroke-like conditions in children, the presumed stroke scale in children for prehospital diagnosis of AII in children and their analysis.

Arterial ischemic stroke in children is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by acute cerebrovascular disturbance due to cerebral arterial occlusion. This paper examines the main etiological factors, including cardiogenic embolism, vasculopathies, and thrombophilic states. Special attention is given to the clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnostic methods (neuroimaging, laboratory tests), and modern treatment approaches, including thrombolytic therapy and rehabilitation. The prognosis and potential complications are also analyzed. The importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach in reducing the risk of disability and improving patients' quality of life is emphasized.

The article outlines the pedagogical conditions that contribute to solving the problem of changes in the education system. The authors present their perspective on organizing and preparing students with botanical knowledge within the "Pharmacy" specialty, which is part of the cycle of general professional disciplines. The article discusses the best methods for teaching students to master pharmacognosy, develop interest in the subject, broaden their horizons, and cultivate independent work skills.

Currently, the choice of treatment method for patients with stage II-III esophageal cancer using neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is considered justified. This paper presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of treating locally advanced esophageal cancer using independent remote radiation therapy, as well as competitive chemoradiation therapy.

This article examines the importance of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture among the youth of Uzbekistan. It analyzes programs and initiatives aimed at raising youth awareness of environmental issues, sustainable use of natural resources, and biodiversity conservation. The role of state institutions, educational institutions, and public organizations in developing ecological thinking is considered. Particular attention is given to Uzbekistan’s international cooperation in the field of environmental education. The author emphasizes the need for further development and expansion of environmental education for the sustainable future of the country.

Blood glucose regulation is a fundamental physiological process essential for cellular energy production and metabolic homeostasis. The maintenance of optimal glucose levels is controlled by a complex interplay of hormonal, enzymatic, and cellular mechanisms, primarily involving insulin, glucagon, and other metabolic regulators. Dysregulation in blood glucose levels is associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and insulin resistance, leading to severe health complications [1].

This study explores the mechanisms of glucose homeostasis, emphasizing the role of the pancreas, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. It also discusses the metabolic implications of glucose fluctuations, the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and recent advances in glucose regulation strategies, including dietary modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging technologies like continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and artificial pancreas systems [2].

 In the article, the relationship between technology and stress on the mental health of adolescents is scientifically based. It aims to improve the mental health of the population and prevent suicide due to low self-esteem as a result of indirect effects of technology.

This article explores the significance of information supply technologies in developing the health competence of higher education educators. The increasing use of digital technologies in education offers new opportunities for promoting physical, psychological, and emotional well-being among educators. The study examines the impact of information resources, digital platforms, and online training on teachers’ ability to manage stress, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and improve professional efficiency. The research findings suggest that the integration of health-focused digital tools in higher education institutions enhances educators’ well-being and overall teaching effectiveness.

This article scientifically analyzes the structure, functions, and significance of the gallbladder in the human body. The main objective of the research is to determine the role of the gallbladder in bile secretion and the digestion of fats, as well as to study the causes of pathological conditions related to this organ, specifically the origins of diseases such as gallstones, cholangitis, and inflammation. The article also provides evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of gallbladder diseases, as well as the importance of proper nutrition and lifestyle. Additionally, the benefits and effectiveness of using plants to improve gallbladder function have been analyzed.

Congenital cleft palate is one of the most prevalent congenital abnormalities globally, with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 700 live births. This condition involves a gap or opening in the roof of the mouth (palate), which can affect a child's ability to eat, speak, and hear properly. If left untreated, cleft palate can lead to long-term physical, psychological, and social difficulties for the affected children. In the context of pre-exilic preparation, which refers to the preparatory measures taken before surgery, addressing the unique needs of children born with cleft palate is crucial for ensuring successful surgical outcomes and long-term developmental progress. In regions such as Andijan, Uzbekistan, which have unique healthcare challenges and a rural demographic, the pre-exilic care for children born with cleft palates can be particularly difficult. Rural and regional healthcare systems in Uzbekistan, while improving, often lack the resources, specialized medical professionals, and training required to provide optimal care for children with congenital anomalies. This results in delayed diagnosis, inadequate nutritional support, limited access to necessary feeding equipment, and insufficient parental counseling, which all play a critical role in the child’s overall well-being and readiness for surgery.