The aim of the study is to study the influence of graphite markers of Surkov moyligs and their angles on the tribological characteristics of the ego of Surkov moyligs of ishlab Chikishdan. Graphite and uning modifications of high-quality alloys that bond the natural properties of Surkov alloys have different effects. Concentration and dispersion of the effect of the solvent-lithium surkov moining tribological characteristic as an alkalizing agent contact form of silicon carbide crack in the solvent and dispersion spectacular effect confirming the hypothesis. While other times it's just about what happens between them, other times it's about what happens between them, not what happens between them.

The growth of US cities is so phenomenal that this has put pressure on city resource management and to enhance utilization of artificial intelligence and data analytics. Indeed, this article examines the AI implementation level and its efficiency in maintaining critical urban wealth-generating elements, including energy, transportation, waste management and public service within the US cities. Employing an online survey of 300 participants comprising city planners, AI solution providers, urban infrastructure managers and government officials, this study aims at establishing AI implementation status, how frequently it is used and main perceived barriers. Results show that 52% of respondents confirmed AI implementation in their cities, with larger cities (population > 500,000) leading in AI adoption at 62%, compared to 33.7% in small cities (population < 100,000). AI was most effective in optimizing public services (mean = 3.10) and waste management (mean = 3.09), whereas energy management (mean = 2.87) saw the least effectiveness. The study also revealed some major hindrances to adoption such as data privacy issues (27. 3%), inadequate funds (26. 0%) and lack of skilled workers (18. 7%), especially in the medium and few large cities. Applying ANOVA test, it was established that resource sectors did not significantly affect AI effectiveness indicating uniform use in different domains. Regression analysis demonstrated a negative and marginal significance between AI effectiveness in water management and its effects on transportation management; B = -0. 113; p = 0. 048.

The study concludes that even as more organizations embrace AI adoption there are key hurdles that need to be overcome to enhance the effective implementation of AI especially in the smaller city locations. This means there is need to develop targeted policies that address the challenge of funding, work towards improving data privacy governance and also train candidates with the technical skills required. Further studies should be conducted on the effects of continued use of AI on sustainability of cities and the possibility of utilizing AI with developing technologies of IoT and blockchain in enhancing urban resource management.

 In this article, the impact of motor transport on the environment, in particular, the harmful gases released as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines, the emissions from transport and road construction machinery manufacturing plants and tire manufacturing enterprises into the environment during production chemical waste, high noise and traffic congestion due to the increase in the number of cars in the city of Tashkent, which is currently becoming a large metropolis, the use of anti-icing salt, sand, carcinogens and other types of chemicals on highways in the winter, car gas the problems of endangering human health as a result of not testing cylinders at the specified time were analyzed. The expansion of the production of ecologically clean electric cars is widely covered. A number of proposals have been made to bring the production technology of environmentally friendly hydrogen-fueled cars to the Republic of Uzbekistan and organize production with foreign companies with foreign investment.

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the SOPR, characterized by the appearance of aphthous lesions, a long course with periodic relapses and is often accompanied by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.  Chronic cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder wall. It develops due to the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder, which leads to stagnation of bile. Periodically occurring and passing inflammations lead to changes in the wall of the gallbladder with the development of chronic calculous cholecystitis in it. Along with the general clinical signs of chronic calculous cholecystitis, changes in the oral mucosa develop.

This paper examines the global expansion of Eastern brands, focusing on their strategies for market penetration, cultural adaptation, and consumer behavior in various regions. In recent decades, brands from Eastern economies, particularly from China, Japan, South Korea, and India, have become major players in international markets. The paper analyzes the rise of these brands and explores how they have successfully integrated into Western and emerging markets. Additionally, the paper considers the impact of Eastern brands on global trade, their competitive edge, and the way they navigate cultural differences. By studying cases of successful Eastern brands like Huawei, Samsung, and Tata, this paper provides a comprehensive look at their strategies and influence.

Laparoscopic rectopexy is a type of surgery that is commonly performed to repair a rectal prolapse. This condition is characterized by a protrusion of the rectum through the anus, often caused by a weakness or total loss of the normal support structures of the rectum. Rectal prolapse presents with a variety of symptoms, including bleeding, acute pain, mucus drainage, and fecal incontinence. While it can result in serious discomfort and disruption to a person’s life, a rectal prolapse is completely treatable with laparoscopic rectopexy, a minimally invasive surgery that is designed to repair the damaged or weakened rectal support structures. Being a laparoscopic procedure, rectopexy surgery is typically performed through a very small incision made in the abdomen. Once the laparoscope is positioned, the surgeon will begin the process of repositioning the rectum. During this portion of the rectopexy procedure, the surgeon will carefully free the rectum from its surrounding support structures and lift it into the proper position. In most cases, stiches and mesh will be used to secure the rectum in place. To complete the procedure, the incision will then be closed using stiches.

After joining the European Union (EU) in 2004, the Republic of Latvia has taken important steps in adapting its economy and political system to European standards. In this article, we will talk about the place of Latvia in the economy of the European Union, its economic development, important sectors and cooperation with the European Union.

The  article  is  devoted  to  analyze  bilateral  and  multilateral  relations  in  the  economy, geopolitical dynamics and cultural exchange between Uzbekistan  and  Republic of Korea.

the origin, biology, chemical composition of the bean plant in this article,information about the vitamins contained in it is presented. Botanical signs,biological characteristics of the bean plant are given in detail.

In this article, the importance and tasks of working with gifted students include children's participation, increasing their intellectual potential, as well as working separately with gifted students in this subject, organizing special lessons for them with sufficient assessment of their abilities, science in mathematics topics such as conducting competitions are covered in detail.

in this article, the benefits of teaching students communicative and creative thinking through modern educational technologies in primary education, the reforms implemented today, the conditions created, the unique aspects of opportunities, continuous education , the harmonious cooperation of qualified pedagogues and aspiring learners, the content of teaching creative thinking, elements of independent individual education and training, interpretation of creative approach, improvement of creative approach, independent acquisition of knowledge by elementary school students efficiency, the processes of improving the literacy and creative approach culture of students in mastering concrete and natural sciences are described in detail.

This article provides information about the role of didactic materials in increasing the effectiveness of pedagogical education.

This article analyzes the pedagogical and psychological ways of developing the cognitive activity of preschool children. Game activities, interactive methods, the use of modern technologies and problem-based educational approaches are of great importance in increasing the cognitive activity of children. In the study, the individual approach to children's cognitive development and effective methods of forming their creative abilities were considered. The role of motivation and creative tasks in activating children's cognitive processes is also studied. These approaches are aimed at increasing efficiency in the educational process and serve to form children's independent learning and cognitive abilities.

in this article, working with steam technology with students of elementary grades, student gaining knowledge, gaining experience and being able to apply it in independent practical activities, the characteristics of the environment and activities affecting their development, working with steam technology or directions, classification of steam according to types of activity, development of children's talent, information that illuminates its uniqueness is described in detail.

Logistics has benefitted immensely from the use of Internet of Things (IoT), in realigning the actual value of supply chains to greater visibility, effectiveness and coordinated management of the flow of products. However, this integration is not without its challenges; it has some specific enablers and success factors that are essential to support integration, implementation as well as the operation of the system. This is a review on the use of IoT in logistics to analyses the challenges, the enablers, and the critical success factors involved in the process.

 There remains several issues that organizations need to overcome for IoT to improve the function of logistics when adopted. Some of the challenges include; security issues that pertain to data privacy and threats, compatibility problems that come about due to integration of different IoT devices and systems, difficulty in scaling IoT systems due to growth of operation and high initial capital costs that come with establishing IoT systems. Furthermore, the integration of different level of networks and different locations prove to be even more complex for the logistics companies taking up IoT technologies.

 To overcome the described challenges and thus to ensure the proper use of IoT in the logistic, some enablers are of special importance. Adaptability to work with cloud computing platforms makes it possible to work with incoming data in real time, thus improving the decision-making process. The application of IT tools for analysis in the stream of big data holds provides an insight for the anticipation of failures and timely problem solving. In addition, the usage of the blockchain improves data protection and traceability of the supply chain activities. The standardization that takes place within the industry also helps to ease compatibility in the use of different IoT solutions.

 Keywords: Cyber security; Interoperability; Data handling; expandability; Real time visibility; Prognostic analysis; Business process automation; Information processing; Compatibility with legacy systems; Cross organisational cooperation; spending on technology.

Vital pulp therapy (VAC) has recently been proposed as an alternative approach even in mature permanent teeth with symptoms and deep caries in order to preserve the viability of the pulp over time and/or avoid non-surgical root canal treatment (NCRT).  However, to date, the diagnosis of reversible or irreversible pulpitis is based only on the clinical amount and quality of pain, without accurately reflecting the state of inflammation of the pulp.  VAC can be successfully used not only in mature permanent teeth with a diagnosis of reversible pulpitis, but also in permanent dental elements with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis.

In this paper, Information is given about effect of micronutrients in the background of mineral fertilizers on formation of yield elements of soybean varieties. According to the information, under the influence of micronutrients, it was determined that it was observed an increase in the quantitative indicators of all yield elements and high results in the formation of yield elements were recorded when sulfur and manganese micronutrients were used in medium norms compared to other norms

The article is devoted to the analysis of James Fenimore Cooper's novel "The Last of the Mohicans", which is one of the most important works of American romantic literature. The key themes of the novel are considered, such as the cultural clash between Europeans and the indigenous peoples of America, the tragedy of disappearing cultures, the conflict between civilization and nature, heroism and moral choice of the characters. Particular attention is paid to the images of Hawkeye, Chingachgook, Uncas and Magua, as well as their role in revealing philosophical questions about fate, survival and identity. The article analyzes the influence of the novel on literature and art, its significance in the criticism of colonialism and relevance for the modern reader.

This article analyzes the organizational and legal foundations for the effective use of innovative factors to improve the population's living standards. It examines the necessity of introducing innovations under conditions of economic and social change and their impact on enhancing the quality of life. The study also highlights the importance of governmental mechanisms to support innovations and explores successful global practices in this regard.

In this article, the reforms related to the modernization of production and the wide introduction of innovative technologies are of great and strategic importance. Placement of securities on financial markets is one of the traditional ways of financing such large and strategically important investment projects, and the opportunities of most joint-stock companies to attract funds in this direction are limited due to low investor confidence.

This article studies the mechanisms of formation of integration of the digestive-absorptive and immune systems in the small intestinal mucosa in early postnatal ontogenesis. The materials and methods used, as well as the results obtained during the study, are described in detail.

Miniature art is a form of art that embodies unique and unique views. This type of art has been polished and developed over centuries during the stages of development of the culture of the peoples of Central Asia and the Middle East. The peoples of Central Asia have made a great contribution to the history of art, and each of them is distinguished by its own artistic problems. The traditions of the Uzbek people formed over the centuries are studied in the visual art of Uzbekistan. Any known form is associated with art and cultural heritage. And national art allows a deeper understanding of concepts that are the spirit of the people, a bridge connecting the past with the present. Therefore, the preservation of material culture and art is of great importance in the formation of national unity along with the national community. In the culture of Central Asia and the Middle East in general, the miniature art of book decoration and calligraphy is distinguished by its uniqueness and charm from a long history. Elegant, wonderful pictures mainly served to decorate the manuscripts of scientific, artistic and historical works. At the same time, he relied on applied arts, with which he was primarily associated with decorations. The art of book decoration preserves centuries-old traditions created by architecture and architectural decoration. In this article, the importance of the Central Asian miniature school in the development of miniature art, its application areas, the work of Kamoliddin Behzod, who is considered the Eastern Raphael in miniature art, is scientifically analyzed.

 In the process of globalization of the world, there is a reduction in land and water resources and an increasing shortage of food. This leads to an increase in the population's demand for agricultural products from year to year. We conducted field experiments to develop and study the optimal planting dates of corn and beans as a repeat crop. The experiment emphasizes the fact that planting in June as a repeat crop to obtain high-quality yields of corn and beans is considered optimal.

In this article, the policy of protecting the health of mothers and children and protecting them by the state in the Uzbek SSR is disclosed. The reasons and consequences of the increase in the death of mothers and children during this period are highlighted on the example of the regions of the Fergana Valley. A number of factors, such as low allocation of budget funds for health care, increasing number of children in the country and its encouragement by the government, are the causes of the death of mothers and children.

This article examines the sociopragmatic types of politeness expression in literary texts based on semantic factors. It analyzes the forms and types of politeness in various social contexts, as well as their semantic factors.

The article concern with the study of transformers especially single phase transformers through efficiency assessment parameters with ohmic load for automatic control and regulation of quality indicators using electrical devices and controllers. As a result of the experiments, it was revealed that a single-phase transformer and simulation of wave parameters in secondary voltage observed with a help of  changing in the different Voltage  parameters. The simulation allows you to control the electrical devices through a controllers, by simulating the signals of primary and secondary coils; you can control and monitor the transformer parameters when the AC to DC converters circuit and automatic control in every electrical devices.

The article deals with the dormation of the national thinking on the base of intershbiective specifics in school children.

The main reason for the use of robotic ultrasound is to increase the accuracy and consistency of ultrasound examination. By removing the human factor in the inspection process, robotic systems can perform ultrasounds with a level of accuracy that is difficult to achieve manually. This leads to more accurate diagnoses and treatment plans for patients. This article presents the research and development trends of the ultrasonic medical robot.

Rickets, caused by vitamin D deficiency, leads to impaired bone mineralization in children. This article compares the effectiveness of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in preventing and treating rickets. Evidence shows that vitamin D3 is more effective than D2 in raising serum levels of calcidiol and improving bone health. Studies indicate that infants receiving vitamin D3 have lower incidences of rickets and faster recovery compared to those treated with D2. Therefore, vitamin D3 is recommended as the preferred form for prevention and treatment, highlighting the need for adequate vitamin D intake in at-risk populations.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious complication in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that increases morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the effectiveness of lobar monitoring in detecting and managing DIC in APL patients. By employing imaging techniques and regular assessment of hematological parameters, we found that lobar monitoring allows for earlier identification of DIC-related pulmonary issues. Timely interventions led to a significant reduction in severe bleeding events and improved clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that lobar monitoring should be integrated into standard care for APL patients to enhance management of DIC.

This article examines hemoglobin changes in elderly patients with hypertension, focusing on the increased prevalence of anemia and its contributing factors, such as chronic inflammation, renal impairment, and the effects of antihypertensive medications. Regular monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for managing both hypertension and hemoglobin levels, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Understanding these relationships is crucial for effective care strategies in this population.

 Hemoblastosis is a group of hematologic malignancies affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. The identification of specific markers during a blast crisis is critical for tailoring polychemotherapy regimens. Immunophenotyping, a powerful tool in the characterization of cellular populations, allows the identification of such markers, aiding in the classification of different hemoblastoses and the selection of optimal therapeutic approaches.

 Iron deficiency (ID) is a common nutritional issue during early pregnancy, posing risks to maternal and fetal health. This article discusses the laboratory detection of iron deficiency, focusing on key diagnostic tests such as complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation. It highlights challenges in interpretation due to physiological changes during pregnancy and emphasizes the need for early and accurate detection through comprehensive assessments, including dietary history, to facilitate timely intervention and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Cтaтья пpедcтaвляет aнaлиз метoдoв и cтpaтегий пcихoлoгo-педaгoгичеcкoй paбoты пo пpеoдoлению cтpaхoв у детей млaдшегo шкoльнoгo вoзpacтa. Oбcуждaютcя тaкие метoды, кaк пoнимaние эмoциoнaльнoгo cocтoяния детей, oбучение cтpaтегиям упpaвления cтpеccoм, игpoвaя теpaпия, пoддеpжкa co cтopoны poдителей и индивидуaльный пoдхoд к кaждoму pебенку

Испанский язык является одним из наиболее распространенных языков в мире, и его изучение важно не только для академического, но и для профессионального и личностного развития. Обучение испанскому языку современными методами помогает сделать процесс изучения языка более эффективным и интересным для студентов. В этой статье представлена ​​информация о современных методах, используемых в преподавании испанского языка.

The rapid advancement of technology and the increasing demand for specialized language skills have transformed the landscape of English language education. Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) online has emerged as a vital approach to meet the needs of diverse professional fields, including business, healthcare, engineering, and academia. This paper explores effective strategies and methodologies for delivering ESP courses in a virtual environment, emphasizing the importance of contextualized learning, learner-centered approaches, and the integration of authentic materials. We discuss the role of digital tools such as Learning Management Systems (LMS), video conferencing software, and interactive resources is examined to enhance collaborative learning experiences. The paper concludes with recommendations for best practices in online ESP instruction that cater to diverse learner needs and preferences, ultimately aiming to equip students with the linguistic competencies necessary for success in their respective fields.

 The significance of body language in oral communication for foreign language learners in cross-cultural communication is demonstrated by this study. However, the integration of paralinguistics into the classroom has received very little attention in the global context. This work seeks to clarify the fundamentals of paralinguistics while paying particular attention to how foreign language learners employ paralinguistic components in an Uzbek setting. 

This article describes the content of professional-pedagogical competence of future teachers, forms and methods of its improvement, qualities of professional competence and their essence. In improving the professional competence of the future specialist, the stages of work on oneself, forms of self-evaluation through self-development, analysis and monitoring are given. The necessity of developing innovative special programs for improving professional and pedagogical competence, proposals and recommendations on its components were developed, conclusions were presented.

The study of the past and present evolution of the phraseological system is known as phraseology in linguistics. In phraseology, the focus of study is phraseological units. Phraseology is a discipline of linguistics that studies the categorical characteristics of phraseological units. It is from these characteristics that the basic characteristics of phraseology are identified, and the question of what makes phraseological units unique language units is resolved. Specifically, to ascertain the creation processes and regularities of phraseological units in speech. There is still no agreed-upon method for defining the phraseological unit of language, despite the abundance of research on phraseology's fundamental topics.

In the field of three-dimensional modeling, Autodesk 3ds Max software is widely used for its powerful capabilities and convenient interface. This software is used by professionals in the fields of architecture, game production, animation and visualization. This article provides detailed information about technologies for working with graphic editors of Autodesk 3ds Max and their importance in the process of three-dimensional modeling.

This article explores the intersection of traditional Uzbek ikat weaving (atlas and adras) and machine learning technologies. As global interest in preserving and digitizing cultural heritage grows, machine learning offers new tools for understanding, cataloging, and regenerating traditional textile patterns. By analyzing the symmetrical, symbolic, and color-based structures of Uzbek ikat, machine learning models can assist artisans, designers, and cultural institutions in sustaining and expanding the legacy of handwoven patterns. The study also draws parallels with AI-integrated craftsmanship methods in countries such as India, Iran, and Turkey, where technology now coexists with centuries-old weaving traditions.

This article talks about improving the effectiveness of musical performance classes in the development of the aesthetic thinking of future music education teachers, creating an educational environment based on musical performance, and wide application of performance styles in practice.

Progress does not stand stіll; іn varіous іndustrіes there іs a gradual modernіzatіon and automatіon of processes, a transіtіon from paper to electronіc document flow. When workіng іn a company, local and global networks are іncreasіngly used, whіch raіses the problem of confіdentіalіty and іnformatіon securіty. These and many other requіrements can be realіzed usіng applіed computer scіence.

As a result of the development of the chemical industry in recent years, thousands of organic compounds have been synthesized, which, according to their ability to oxidize under the influence of natural processes, can be divided into stable, difficult to oxidize, and easily oxidized. Pharmaceuticals occupy a special place in this series. Currently, the ways in which pharmaceuticals, as well as personal hygiene products produced in significant quantities, enter underground and surface water sources and their detrimental effects on ecosystems, as well as the danger of these compounds for drinking water supply, are being widely studied. Possible aspects of the impact of these substances on human health are being actively analyzed. The relevance and necessity of studying the problem of dispersion of drugs in the planet's hydrosphere and the development of a regulatory framework for its regulation are noted. The main reason for the entry of drugs into water bodies is their entry together with treated and untreated wastewater.

The article critically examines existing methodological approaches to the promotion of pharmaceuticals. Specific, most effective methods of promotion are proposed, taking into account the latest laws adopted in the industry.

In the postgenomic era, interactions between organism and environment are central in disciplines such as epigenetics, medical physiology, and immunology. Particularly in the more "applied" medical felds, an emphasis lies on interactions of the organism with other organisms, that is, other living things. There is, however, a growing amount of research investigating the impact of abiotic triggers on the immune system. While the distinction between biota and abiota features heavily in other contexts, its status is not explicit within immunology. Do immunologists distinguish living from nonliving triggers? In this article, I will carve out whether and in which ways the biotic/abiotic distinction operates in immunology. I will look into responses to biotic and abiotic stressors in plant and invertebrate model species and ask how and why they are conceptually separated. I will trace the reasons by investigating the disciplinary situatedness of immune phenomena and the import of vertebrate immunology when conceptualizing immune responses in other model organisms. I will then investigate how the convergence of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants and invertebrates adds to the recent philosophical programs advocating an ecological perspective on immune systems.

This article presents a number of ways to work with video images, such as choosing a suitable title, subtitle and object.  Also, within the framework of this topic, researches of many researchers are studied, suggestions and recommendations are given to users.

Contemporary medical literature features a growing array of new terms, while some older terms have evolved to include new meanings or have become obsolete. This article explores the challenges involved in developing new explanatory, encyclopedic, and bilingual English-Russian and Russian-English medical dictionaries.

This article explores modern pedagogical technologies and methods used in teaching English in Uzbekistan, focusing on the integration of ICT, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), blended learning, and flipped classrooms. These approaches enhance language learning by promoting interaction, practical communication, and student-centered instruction. Despite the advantages, challenges such as insufficient technological infrastructure, large class sizes, and inadequate teacher training hinder their full implementation. The article highlights the potential of these methods to transform English education, while also addressing the obstacles that need to be overcome. As Uzbekistan continues its educational reforms, the adoption of these modern approaches will play a critical role in improving English language proficiency.

based on the research of scientific ideas of the schools of political economy, classical, neoclassical and modern human capital, which are the conceptual foundations of the development of the theory of human capital, the author's approach of human capital is developed in the article.

In the researches, it was analyzed how the character of the fiber output in the ecologically and geographically distant hybrids obtained with the participation of introgressive forms in the first hybrid generations. In the F1 hybrids, in most cases, a state of complete dominance was observed according to the sign of fiber yield. Cotton varieties are high-yielding and drought-resistant, quick-ripening and resistant to diseases and pests, adapted to mechanization, harvesting by machine, with high fiber yield and fiber quality indicators that meet the requirements of the world market.

This article is about tourism and provides insights into Tourism . Information has been provided on how important and in what way my Tourism also affects the country’s economy

 In this article, visual art was described as a means of shaping human spirituality at a high level. Dini Dunya expressed such an opinion in this regard. A nation that teaches its children painting as diligently as it teaches literacy, numeracy, and reading will fall behind other nations in science, art, and crafts. Therefore, fine art is of great importance in the human's pursuit of perfection. Art is one of the forms of social consciousness, a special means of knowing existence.

With a view to develop special clothing, the program of requirements for special clothing, based on research of the production conditions of workers of refrigerating sections, harmful factors affecting in the work process and consumer preferences has been developed.

The article contains information about the composition of wool fiber, the average level of dirt, the principle of operation of the 2BT-150SH cleaning and cleaning equipment, and the shortcomings of this cleaning equipment, which affect the process of improving the mechanism of cleaning and cleaning equipment.

Worldwide, healthcare systems face challenges posed by persistent chronic diseases, which have a long-lasting effect on patient health and well-being. Precisely estimating and predicting the origin and impact of chronic diseases is essential for adequate management, funds allocation, and development of policies related to the disease. Mathematical modeling is an important tool for forecasting chronic disease progression, impact, and course. The current article examines several mathematical models, including compartmental, agent-based, and statistical models, emphasizing their distinctive qualities and uses. The models capture intricate relationships between disease-related variables, environmental effects, patient features, and medical therapies. Mathematical models that use data-driven parameter estimates and validation techniques can simulate disease dynamics, forecast patterns for the future, and highlight important variables. Furthermore, these models aid practitioners and other stakeholders in the medical field in decision-making regarding illness prevention, early detection, treatment plans, and allocation of resources. Importantly, mathematical models enhance initiatives' evaluation process and determine their cost-effectiveness. The models help reveal underlying mechanisms, advance our understanding of chronic diseases, and enlighten evidence-based medical procedures. The development of mathematical modeling opens up new possibilities for diagnosing and treating chronic diseases. However, data quality, model complexity, and model validation are the weak points of mathematical modeling. Therefore, it is important to discuss future paths and the potential influence of mathematical models on changing how the medical community approaches the management of chronic diseases.

This article analyzes measures to prevent and combat juvenile delinquency. The nature of juvenile delinquency is revealed, its causes are revealed, and examples affecting it are given. The directions of prevention of offenses among minors were separately touched upon. The actual problems of the fight against youth crime are revealed. An offense is a social phenomenon with a social basis, although biological, psychological, geographical, ethnic, racial and other factors play a very important role in the formation and occurrence of an offense, explain the problem based on the factor of the social environment, and update attitudes in society. This is a social science, especially the activity of the smallest and most important social institution - the family, which plays an important role in cooperation and coordination of normative behavior of people with the social environment. In the article, we will consider the role of the family as a deterrent and barrier to juvenile delinquency (based on family order) and youth crimes. This work is especially important from the point of view of limiting the factors studied in scientific work, since not all dimensions and angles can be accurately considered and verified in research work. If family can be an important factor in the offense. The unfavorable conditions of the offender's upbringing, in the same proportion, the presence of favorable conditions in the family allowed the teenager to develop mentally, emotionally, psychologically and socially, which is an important step in the prevention of crime.

The content of the "digital economy" is analyzed in the article, its main features are analyzed. Some types of digital technologies are analyzed and their influence on the development of legislation is studied. It is proposed to assess the impact of digital technologies on the mutual cooperation of business entities.

 This article describes the difficulties, successes and results of translation using the example of a story directly translated from Uzbek into German. The article also discusses in detail the selection of equivalents in translation, translation of names, translator skills, as well as the issue of national color.

 46 children were treated with stepwise antibacterial therapy. The control group consisted of 23 children with pneumonia, who were treated parenterally with ampicillin. The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of stepwise therapy of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate, injection and oral forms. The investigation was conducted in two groups. Children of the first group received ceftriaxone 80 mg/kg 2 times for 3 days intravenously, and in the second stage, Amoxicillin potassium clavulanate 30 mg/kg 3 times orally, 1 teaspoon. Children in the second group of step therapy received 3 times a day Amoxicillin potassium clavulanate 30 mg/kg intramuscularly, and in the second step, this drug was taken orally.

This article analyzes the basic principles related to the introduction of the digital economy into the activities of enterprises, practical aspects of the formation and development of the digital economy in enterprises, the results achieved in the field of digitization and digital transformation in the last 30 years, digital technologies, the world's leading digitized enterprises and the processes of digitization in Uzbekistan.

The historical development of pilgrimage tourism in Uzbekistan and its importance in the field of tourism are analyzed. Pilgrimage tourism includes tours of the country's historical and cultural sites, as well as religious monuments. In the ancient cities of Uzbekistan, such as Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva, there are many pilgrimage sites known as Muslim pilgrimage centers. After independence, pilgrimage tourism has developed and plays an important role in preserving historical heritage, economic development and enhancing the country's reputation in the field of international tourism. This study shows the impact of pilgrimage tourism on the country's economy, culture and tourism infrastructure. pilgrimage tourism is a now common tourism industry.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the impact of global industrial revolutions on the formation of the digital economy, including the development of technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, blockchain, e-business, digital and virtual business. It examines how these information technologies affect the digital economy and their effectiveness. The concepts of knowledge and information culture in the context of the digital economy are also explored.

The mechanisms of tourism development as one of the strategic sectors contributing to economic diversification, accelerated development of territories, creation of new jobs, increase in incomes and living standards of the population, as well as increase the investment attractiveness of the country are studied.

This paper explores the development of a national tourism model in Uzbekistan, focusing on the strategies and mechanisms employed to enhance the sector. It examines the historical evolution of tourism in the country, identifying key milestones and shifts in policy and infrastructure that have shaped the current landscape. The study highlights how Uzbekistan’s rich cultural heritage and historical sites are leveraged to diversify the national economy, promote regional development, and attract international investment. It also evaluates the role of tourism in creating new job opportunities, improving local incomes, and elevating the overall quality of life for residents. By analyzing recent developments and future prospects, the paper provides insights into how a cohesive and strategic approach to tourism can significantly contribute to Uzbekistan's economic growth and global positioning.

This article focuses on the study of alkylation reactions of p-nitrophenol in the presence of nanocatalysts. The formation of C-alkyl and O-alkyl products was observed in the alkylation reactions and the composition of isomers was determined. Benzyl chloride was selected as the best alkylating agent for the reactions, and alkylation under mild conditions gives mainly O-benzyl products. As a catalyst, TiO₂·SiO₂/FeCl₃ catalyst, FeCl₃ nanocatalyst soaked in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used and it was found that the selectivity increased.

George Orwell’s “1984” is a dystopian novel set in a totalitarian future where the Party, led by the omnipresent Big Brother, controls every aspect of life in Oceania. Through the protagonist Winston Smith, Orwell explores themes of surveillance, propaganda, historical revisionism, and thought control. The novel illustrates the dangers of totalitarianism, the manipulation of truth, and the loss of privacy. Orwell’s introduction of terms like Big Brother, Newspeak, and doublethink has had a lasting impact on modern discourse, particularly in discussions surrounding authoritarianism, censorship, and digital surveillance. The novel remains relevant today, highlighting the ongoing struggle for freedom and truth in an increasingly controlled world.

This article uses many indicators that represent quantitative and qualitative aspects of the state of competitiveness in various styles of assessing the effectiveness of the management of the competitiveness of tourist complexes. In the process of assessing the management of the competitiveness of complexes, it is recommended to formulate quantitative and qualitative indicators, dividing them into sections of economic, social and organizational indicators.

The tourism industry, a significant contributor to global economies, is a dynamic and competitive sector. It involves diverse stakeholders ranging from governments and local communities to private enterprises. For tourism to flourish sustainably, a well-structured strategic process is essential. A strategic process model serves as a critical guide for the development, management, and growth of tourism businesses and destinations. It allows stakeholders to align their actions with long-term objectives while adapting to evolving trends, challenges, and opportunities. This article explores the vital role of the strategic process model in the tourism industry and how it impacts sustainable growth, competitiveness, and stakeholder engagement.

This article Soviet during Kashkadarya in the oasis theater and music of art development analysis does​ In the article theater and music art in the field big changes , social and cultural effects , and this art of types local in culture place seeing developed​ Theater and music of art development historical in context analysis done , Soviet ideology cultural to areas how effect showed , and this art of types national and international scale how developed illuminated .

This article Kashkadarya in the oasis Soviet during epic traditions and their to himself special aspects analysis does​ Epic , ancient Uzbek of culture indispensable part as , Soviet during changes and new to the circumstances adapted . In the article epic their traditions​ development , changes and Soviet ideology epic to art effect seeing will be released . To himself special aspects of epics topic and in forms changes , and new styles analysis will be done .

This article Kashkadarya in the oasis Soviet during epic and charity of art the situation learns​ In the article epic and charity their traditions​ history , changes , and Soviet ideology effect seeing will be released . Also the people art and of culture development in the context of epic and of charity to himself special aspects analysis will be done .

In the article, in order to further develop the process of development of consciousness and national thinking among students, in addition to music lessons, music lessons, extracurricular and extracurricular activities include clubs, holidays, and entertainment evenings. And it serves as an important tool for effective student learning in all aspects.

 In this article, the contributions of famous enlighteners such as Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Avloni, Mahmudhoja Behbudi, Hamza Hakimzada Niyozi, Maria Kuznestova, Abror Hidoyatov, Masuma Qoriyeva, who organized the first stage play in Uzbekistan and promoted it among the people actions were discussed.  In this article, I tried to present information about the changes of the 20th century Uzbek theater in our culture and the Uzbek theater that opened its curtain in 1814 with the play "Padarkush" by Mahmudhoja Behbudi.

The Arabic language has evolved into a complex linguistic system encompassing various dialects alongside its standardized literary form. This article explores the historical and literary impact of Arabic dialects on Literary Arabic, highlighting the development of regional dialects and their interaction with Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Through analysis of media, literature, and linguistic patterns, the article demonstrates how dialects have shaped the cultural and linguistic landscape of the Arab world, while also discussing the future implications of dialect use in Arabic communication.

This paper explores the principles of vibrodiagnostics, focusing on how vibration indicators like amplitude, frequency, and phase can reveal common pump problems such as unbalance, misalignment, cavitation, bearing wear, and loose parts. The use of spectrum analysis and time domain analysis for diagnosing specific faults is discussed. The article highlights how vibrodiagnostics enables proactive maintenance strategies, reducing downtime, improving efficiency, and minimizing maintenance costs. Case studies and examples showcase the practical applications of vibrodiagnostics in ensuring pump reliability and promoting safe operations. By adopting vibrodiagnostic programs, industries can significantly enhance the performance and longevity of their pump units, leading to improved overall productivity and profitability.

The article reveals the views of Eastern scientists on the theory of didactics in different periods.

V dannoy state raskryty vzglyady na teoriyu didkatiki different time uchenyx Vostoka.

This article reveals views on the theory of didactics from different times of the East

В статье рассматривается история молодого человека, который ради богатства провел 15 лет своей жизни в тюрьме, достиг совершенства, и банкира, который легкомысленно относился к жизни и страдал из-за жажды богатства.

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The article describes the precedent name, which is a part of the precedent phenomena, the definitions given to it by various scientists, its types in terms of application, as well as the precedent names related to religion used in English and Uzbek linguistic culture and the significance of their re-embodiment in the cognitive base of the representatives of English and Uzbek linguistic culture. In world linguistics, there is an increasing interest in studying thinking and the formation, preservation and functions of speech in it from different angles, among which cognitive-conceptual and linguocultural classification is gaining special importance. Linguistic-cultural research of precedent phenomena is of special importance. Religion and religious concepts have a certain place in determining the individual and his level of linguistic consciousness and national associative way of thinking. In the cognitive base of the representatives of English and Uzbek linguistic culture, relations to religion and religious concepts are formed from the point of view of their religious beliefs. In this regard, the religious precedent names that are actively used in the cognitive base of the representatives of English and Uzbek linguistic culture require the study of names. Precedent names actively used in the speech of English and Uzbek speakers were identified and studied. As a result, it was determined that there is a common religion in the minds of the speakers of both languages, which is present in the cognitive base of the representatives of the English and Uzbek language cultures, is actively used in the understanding of existence in the speech of the speakers.

The family environment plays a key role in the development of creative abilities of preschool children. Early detection and development of children's creative abilities is the main task of modern education. The extent to which opportunities for their development are used depends in many respects on the creative potential of adults, ensuring the further development of science and culture, scientific and technological progress, production and social life. Their effective development can be achieved through the joint efforts of family and preschool organizations.

This article explores the significance of the Arabic language, both in historical contexts and in the modern world. As one of the oldest and most widely spoken languages, Arabic has played a pivotal role in the development of science, literature, philosophy, and culture across civilizations. The language has had profound religious, cultural, and political importance in shaping societies in the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond. This article highlights Arabic’s historical contributions, particularly in the Islamic Golden Age, and its enduring relevance in today's globalized world. We will also explore the contemporary importance of Arabic in global diplomacy, education, and technology, emphasizing its role as a language of identity, tradition, and progress.

The history of cities is very long. But this history is humanity shorter than its history, this period corresponds to the history of society.Him Each period can be divided into several historical stages its urban formation factors, urban infrastructure, population cities differ from each other according to their number, construction methods, and the tasks they perform.

 The results of numerous studіes іndіcate that fіsh possess bacterіal populatіons on or іn theіr skіn, gіlls, dіgestіve tract, and lіght-emіttіng organs. Іn addіtіon, the іnternal organs (kіdney, lіver, and spleen) of healthy fіsh may contaіn bacterіa, but there іs debate about whether or not muscle іs actually sterіle. Usіng tradіtіonal culture-dependent technіques, the numbers and taxonomіc composіtіon of the bacterіal populatіons generally reflect those of the surroundіng water.

 Battle of Ankara, military confrontation on July 20, 1402, in which forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, “the Thunderbolt,” victor at the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, were defeated by those of the Turkic ruler Timur (Tamerlane). Bayezid’s humiliating loss came close to destroying the Ottoman Empire.

This article talks about the attention paid to the issue of youth in our country, the work being done to train them in the profession, to reveal their talent in the field of their choice. Also, the information on the attention aimed at helping young people to know their history and forming practical skills for young historians is summarized.

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The economy of Uzbekistan has been developing rapidly in recent years. A number of reforms are being implemented in the country in order to improve the business environment, attract investments and increase competitiveness. This article considers the main directions and important aspects of the development of business management in Uzbekistan.

This article examines the growing importance of Arab countries in the global tourism economy from the late 20th century to the early 21st century. It analyzes the main factors of the development of tourism in this region, including economic diversification, cultural heritage and natural attractions. The study also addresses issues such as political instability and sustainability issues in the development of tourism in these countries. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to assess the impact of tourism on economic growth, cultural preservation and international relations. The results highlight the emerging role of Arab countries in global tourism dynamics and offer political proposals to ensure sustainable growth in the sector.

As much as globalization is concerned, this article gives emphasis on the function of intercultural communication. Interfederal factors influencing the expansion of cultural variability of representatives of different nations in the context of an increase in the intensification of cooperative conflicts in the development of the global economy, the use of technologies, strengthening international relations are considered. Thus, the article describes the language differences in intercultural communication and the necessity to establish intercultural sensibility to eliminate them. It also examines the part played by language in the phenomenon of globalization and the effects on cross-cultural interactions.

The study of a region's hydrogeological state is critical for understanding water resource availability, aquifer dynamics, and the potential for groundwater contamination. This paper proposes the use of mathematical modeling as an effective approach to analyze the hydrogeological conditions of a given region. The model incorporates various parameters, including geological layers, hydraulic conductivity, and recharge rates, to simulate groundwater flow and behavior. This approach helps in predicting future trends, managing water resources, and supporting environmental sustainability.

This article explores the profound effects of global climate change, its causes, and its increasingly visible consequences. Climate change poses serious threats to ecosystems, economies, and human health worldwide. By analyzing scientific literature and employing climate models, this study identifies the key factors driving climate change and the resulting environmental, social, and economic impacts. The paper also examines potential mitigation strategies and suggests a pathway forward for reducing the negative effects of global warming.

This article is devoted to the study of the integration of digital technologies into the system- activity approach in physical education. The study identified the benefits and challenges associated with the introduction of digital tools into the educational process. Data analysis shows that the use of digital technologies helps to increase students' motivation, improve control over their physical condition and individualize the educational process. At the same time, there are obstacles, such as the need for significant investment and training of teaching staff.

The article is devoted to the study of the demand and influence of general physical training (GPT) on the results in athletics among students. In the course of the study, conducted among 120 students of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of the Faculty of Physical Education, the difference in results between the groups undergoing regular GPT classes and those limited to only specialized training was studied. The results showed that students involved in GPT achieved a significant improvement in physical performance and athletic results. Technical, tactical and psychological aspects of training in an integrated approach led to higher results in competitions and physical fitness tests. The study confirms the importance of integrating GPT into the training process, as well as its high demand among students, which contributes to their comprehensive physical development and improved athletic achievements.

 In this article, we tried to think about the history of the Chimkurgan Reservoir, located in the Kashkadarya region, and its economic opportunities. After reading the article, you will learn about the history of this reservoir, its historical significance, role in the economy of Uzbekistan, role in the life of the population, significance in the irrigation of cotton and grain fields of the region. And of course, we tried to write the article based on the rules of scientific objectivity and comprehensive analysis.

This article reflects on the history of the formation and urbanization of the ancient city of Karshi in the distant past. It is based on the fact that the appearance of the city of Karshi has been constantly changing over a long period of time. The article also provides detailed information on the development and irrigation of the city of Karshi.

The article analyzes one of the most relevant approaches in modern pedagogy – personality-oriented. An individual approach to the upbringing of students is a purposeful system of pedagogical actions and relationships that takes into account the age and socio-psychological characteristics of each student to the maximum in order to achieve a comprehensive and harmonious development of his personality.

Proper plant nutrіtіon іs essentіal for successful productіon of vegetable crops. Іntegrated supply of mіcronutrіents wіth macronutrіents іn adequate amount and suіtable proportіons іs one of the most іmportant factors that control the plant growth and development. Mіcronutrіents are usually requіred іn mіnute quantіtіes, nevertheless, are vіtal to the growth of plant. Judіcіous use of mіcronutrіents іs essentіal for vegetable cultіvatіon to get maxіmum yіeld of hіgh qualіty produce. Plant metabolіsm, nutrіent regulatіon, chlorophyll synthesіs, reproductіve growth, flower retentіon, fruіt and seed development etc., are such effectіve functіons performed by varіous mіcronutrіents.

 this article, the environmental problems in our Respublic and the reforms being carried out to eliminate them on large scale.Reasons for changing ecology from year to year. It is described how humanity affects the environment.

This article, using the example of the Kashkadarya region, reveals the impact of the cotton monopoly, introduced during the Soviet era to develop cotton production, on the environmental situation and its impact on the economy.

 The results of numerous studіes іndіcate that fіsh possess bacterіal populatіons on or іn theіr skіn, gіlls, dіgestіve tract, and lіght-emіttіng organs. Іn addіtіon, the іnternal organs (kіdney, lіver, and spleen) of healthy fіsh may contaіn bacterіa, but there іs debate about whether or not muscle іs actually sterіle. Usіng tradіtіonal culture-dependent technіques, the numbers and taxonomіc composіtіon of the bacterіal populatіons generally reflect those of the surroundіng water.