The Presidential School in Nurafshon exemplifies effective conflict resolution through the collaborative efforts of Human Resources (HR) and school counselors, fostering a harmonious environment conducive to student success and staff well-being. This article explores how HR’s structured policies, including a revised staff code of conduct, Safer Recruitment Policy, and professional development programs, complement counselors’ empathetic interventions, such as social-emotional learning (SEL), peer mediation, and anti-bullying initiatives. By aligning administrative frameworks with emotional support, Nurafshon PS transforms conflicts into opportunities for growth, enhancing academic outcomes, staff morale, and community trust while equipping students with lifelong conflict resolution skills.

 This thesis explores modern approaches in the theory and methodology of teaching and education at the primary level. Special attention is given to learner-centered instruction, integration of digital tools, and the role of moral and social upbringing in early childhood education. The paper highlights effective strategies to improve learning outcomes and foster holistic development of young learners.

This article examines methods for adapting lexical units to the learner's level in the process of language acquisition, in particular the Zipf-Pareto fractal method. The authors describe the basic principles of this method and analyze the ordering of language elements based on their frequency of use and efficiency. The article reveals the importance of mastering the most frequently used words first in increasing the efficiency of language learning using Zipf's law. It is also shown that in the process of learning based on the Pareto principle, a large part of the language understanding is covered through a small part of the lexical units. The fractal approach, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to optimize learning by taking into account the repetition and mutual similarities in the structure of the language. The article reasonably shows that these approaches together are important in adapting lexical units to the learner's level and increasing the efficiency of learning. As a result, the article explores the prospects for using the Zipf-Pareto fractal method to optimize the language learning process and save resources.

This article examines the role of unplanned learning moments in language development, analyzing how spontaneous educational opportunities contribute to effective language acquisition. The findings suggest that unplanned learning moments, when properly recognized and utilized, significantly complement formal language instruction and provide authentic contexts for language use. The study emphasizes the importance of educator awareness and adaptability in maximizing these spontaneous learning opportunities for optimal language development outcomes.

In solid-state physics, understanding how electrons and holes—collectively called charge carriers—behave inside crystalline materials is essential for explaining many of their physical properties. These properties include electrical conductivity, optical absorption, and heat transfer. One of the most fundamental concepts used to describe charge carrier behavior is the energy spectrum, which defines the set of possible energy levels that these particles can occupy. In ideal crystals, this spectrum takes on a clear and regular structure, allowing scientists to analyze materials with precision.

The research conducted shows that in recent years, the sericulture industry, including the processes from silkworm farming to the production of silk products, and the equipment used in these processes, have been improving. Currently, to ensure the continuous operation of sericulture enterprises, silkworms are stored in the warehouses of silkworm breeding enterprises. Although this may seem like a simple situation, it is of great technological significance. This is because during storage, the silkworms are exposed to environmental factors, metrological conditions, various pests, and other factors, leading to the disruption of the structure of the silkworm layers, damage to the silk layers, and the aging of sericin. Experiments have shown that when the storage period exceeds 11-12 months, raw silk yield decreases by 6.5%, the silk's flexibility decreases by 7.1%, and as a result, during the spinning process, the loss in output increases by 1.6%, while the recovery rate increases by 1.3%.

This scientific paper explores the role and impact of Islamic financial instruments in poverty reduction efforts in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study is based on the core principles of the Islamic financial system — interest-free financing, risk-sharing, social justice, and equality in ownership. Key instruments such as zakat, sadaqah, qard al-hasan, mudarabah, musharakah, and ijarah are analyzed for their potential in promoting economic and social stability. The research also evaluates the current state of Islamic finance infrastructure and legal frameworks in Uzbekistan, existing practices, challenges, and development prospects. Special attention is given to the opportunities for supporting vulnerable social groups, promoting small businesses, and enhancing financial inclusion through Islamic mechanisms. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for the effective integration of Islamic finance tools in the national poverty alleviation strategy.

This article covers the current aspects of achieving economic and environmental sustainability through green financial instruments. The strategic basis for the use of financial instruments to prevent climate change and rational use of resources is analyzed. Based on the experience of Uzbekistan, the current state and prospects of green finance are discussed, existing problems and proposals for their elimination are put forward.

Ovarian tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with diverse pathomorphological characteristics that significantly impact diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. Understanding the detailed morphological features is crucial for accurate classification and optimal patient management. To analyze the pathomorphological characteristics of ovarian tumors, examine their distribution patterns, and correlate morphological features with clinical outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 847 ovarian tumor cases was conducted over a 5-year period, examining histopathological features, immunohistochemical profiles, and clinical correlations. Epithelial tumors comprised 75.2% of cases, followed by sex cord-stromal tumors (12.8%) and germ cell tumors (8.1%). Serous carcinomas showed the highest grade of nuclear atypia and mitotic activity, while mucinous tumors demonstrated characteristic intestinal-type epithelium in 68% of cases.

This article presents a comparative analysis of the native (indigenous) and borrowed (foreign origin) lexical layers in the lexical systems of English and Uzbek languages, based on explanatory learner’s dictionaries. The dictionaries selected as research material systematically analyze the origin, meaning, and structure of both native and borrowed lexical elements in the vocabulary of the two languages. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of the similarities and differences in the lexical structures of English and Uzbek. Additionally, the study highlights the cultural and historical significance of these lexical layers and their role in the development of language. The comparative analysis of these layers is of great importance for linguistic theory and language education. The study examines the features of native and borrowed lexical components based on learner’s explanatory dictionaries of English and Uzbek.

This article explores the integration of environmental education into primary school lessons and its role in shaping students’ ecological awareness from an early age. Environmental education is essential in cultivating responsible attitudes and sustainable behaviors in young learners. The study investigates how eco-consciousness can be effectively developed through various subjects such as science, literature, art, and practical activities. The research is based on classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of environmental projects in primary schools, aiming to highlight successful strategies and outcomes of integrated ecological education.

This article explores the critical role of public administration reforms in the transformation of  New Uzbekistan. In recent years, the government has launched comprehensive modernization efforts aimed at building an efficient, transparent, and citizen-oriented administrative system. These reforms are vital to strengthening democratic institutions, improving public service delivery, and ensuring inclusive development. The paper analyzes the structure, goals, and expected outcomes of these reforms while considering their broader social, political, and economic impact. It also highlights the importance of digitalization, decentralization, meritocracy, and civic engagement in shaping a responsive public administration aligned with global best practices.

Cold plasma (CP) technology is emerging as a novel non-thermal technique for ensuring microbial safety and extending the shelf life of various food products. This article explores the application of cold plasma in food processing, especially focusing on microbial decontamination without compromising the nutritional and sensory qualities of food. Drawing from academic research and practical applications, this paper discusses the mechanisms, efficacy, and limitations of cold plasma treatment and its integration into post-harvest handling, packaging, and storage practices.

This article analyzes the fact that peoples have their own principles and methods of translating folklore samples, reflecting their national lifestyle, religious views, customs and traditions, and their own linguistic laws. It is important to prove this in order to identify and solve the problems of artistic translation of folklore works, as well as to determine their scientific and theoretical foundations.

This article explores the critical role of didactic materials in the development of professional competencies among medical students specializing in infectious diseases. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of structured didactic resources such as algorithms, clinical cases, simulation technologies, and digital platforms in improving students’ diagnostic competence, clinical forecasting skills, and evidence-based therapeutic decision-making. By integrating innovative pedagogical tools with traditional learning methods, medical education can more effectively prepare future physicians for the complexities of diagnosing and managing infectious diseases. This approach not only enhances clinical reasoning and analytical thinking but also fosters reflective learning, professional responsibility, and interdisciplinary collaboration, which are essential for modern medical practice.

This article explores innovative technologies for training medical students in clinical thinking through the study of infectious diseases. The proposed approach integrates simulation-based learning, case-based methods, digital tools, and the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) model to develop diagnostic reasoning, decision-making, and professional competence.

This article examines the possibilities of using pedagogical tools to develop practical and clinical competencies among medical students. Modern medical education requires innovative teaching methods such as simulation-based learning, case studies, interactive technologies, and competency-based approaches.

This article explores the pedagogical potential of the Diagnostic Divergence (DD) model as a tool for developing diagnostic competence among medical students. The DD model emphasizes the process of comparing and contrasting multiple differential diagnoses through critical analysis of clinical presentations.

This article examines the evolving role of digitalized monitoring mechanisms in shaping a transparent and efficient investment environment in Uzbekistan. As the country intensifies its efforts to attract both domestic and foreign investments, the need for robust digital oversight systems has become increasingly urgent. The study explores how digital monitoring platforms contribute to improving investment governance, reducing administrative burdens, and enhancing investor trust. It also analyzes the current limitations of existing systems and highlights the institutional and technological gaps that must be addressed to achieve full integration. Drawing on international case studies and comparative analysis, the paper proposes a context-specific digital framework suited to Uzbekistan’s socio-economic landscape, outlining its potential to strengthen regulatory efficiency and long-term investment sustainability.

This article explores the relevance of using medicinal plants in the treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases, emphasizing their place in both traditional and modern medicine. The pharmacological effects of the biologically active compounds in these plants, their therapeutic benefits, and precautions are thoroughly discussed. The article particularly analyzes several widely used medicinal plants in Uzbek folk medicine, presenting practical applications for respiratory health.

This article examines the dynamics of agribusiness development in Uzbekistan, with a specific focus on the Republic of Karakalpakstan, over the period 2019–2024. Using official statistical data, it evaluates gross agricultural output trends, highlights regional disparities, and provides policy recommendations based on both domestic performance and relevant foreign experience. The results reveal a consistent upward trajectory in agricultural production, driven by structural reforms, targeted investments, and technological modernization.

This article will analyze how semiotic strategies differ on social media platforms, as well as how meaning is conveyed through symbols and signs. It will examine the specific semiotic features of platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn, and Twitter (X), showing how they have used different approaches in the context of brands (Starbucks, Adidas). The article will also explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in developing and optimizing semiotic strategies.

This article examines contemporary approaches to developing leadership competencies among general education institution leaders. Based on literature analysis, innovative methods and strategies for enhancing educational leaders' leadership capabilities are analyzed. The study explores modern approaches such as transformational leadership, digital leadership, and collaborative leadership. The results indicate that comprehensive development of leadership competencies is essential for improving educational quality and ensuring institutional effectiveness.

 Today, one can say that having housing is one of the main goals of every person throughout their life. In such a period, when housing prices are rising, some citizens prefer to live in rented housing. However, not everyone can afford to rent a house. In such cases, citizens appeal to the state. In this case, citizens will receive special benefits. By applying for special housing subsidies, citizens can receive housing at a preferential price. Applications are accepted directly or electronically through my.gov.uz and the Public Services Center. Other housing is provided on the basis of a general housing agreement. Such contracts are regulated by the Civil Code and the Housing Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. You can get complete information about this by reading this article, and there is an opportunity to familiarize yourself with the information written by scientists of the Russian Federation on this type of contract. In addition, you will get detailed information about the subjects of the two types of contracts, their characteristics, terms, and prices.

This article examines the specific features of paremiological units in the English and Uzbek languages, highlighting their linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic aspects. The study focuses on the structural, semantic, and functional peculiarities of proverbs and sayings as reflections of the worldview and cultural heritage of both nations. Comparative analysis is used to identify similarities and differences in form, meaning, and usage patterns, taking into account historical development and socio-cultural factors. The research also explores the role of paremiological units in intercultural communication, as well as their significance in language teaching and translation practice. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interrelation between language and culture, enriching paremiological studies and fostering better cross-cultural awareness.

This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of developing the historical thinking of future teachers through the use of elements of theater pedagogy. The importance of theatrical lessons, dramatic play, role-playing and interactive staging as innovative methods in history is analyzed. The study reveals the influence of personal participation, emotional experience and creative expression on the acquisition of historical knowledge.

In this article, due to violations of the normal movement mode of vehicles on highways, city streets and squares, people are killed, injured, as well as damage to vehicles and their loads, damage to artificial structures on the road. or accidents causing other types of material damage are called traffic accidents.

This article highlights the processes of developing emotional intelligence in adolescence and its role in career choices. According to the results of a study conducted among 9th and 11th-grade students, a comparative analysis of the indicators of emotional intelligence and professional orientations characteristic of age groups was conducted.

This article analyzes the importance of the theory of supply and demand in the formation of market equilibrium. The interaction of the laws of supply and demand, the formation of equilibrium price and quantity, the concepts of short- and long-term equilibrium and elasticity are covered based on Shodmanov's textbook "Theory of Economics". Also, using modern economic literature and Internet resources, it is shown how the functioning of the market mechanism, real examples and the impact of state regulatory policy on market equilibrium are shown. The results of the research are of practical importance in ensuring economic stability and understanding market processes.

Today, in our country, the problems of creating the necessary conditions for students to perfectly learn foreign languages, to express themselves in all areas with knowledge of a foreign language, to develop their oral and written speech in a foreign language are being put forward. As is known, the solution of these problems is directly related to the process of socialization of a person. Based on the psychological and pedagogical category, this concept is a process that expresses the degree of exposure to the influence of the external social environment surrounding a person, the ability to master communication, the tendency to master its norms and rules, and the degree of mastery. The general meaning of this concept is that a person is born and grows up under the influence of the external environment that directly surrounds him, is brought up in this society, this environment. In a narrow sense, socialization is a process that explains the entry of a person into the social environment, his assimilation into it, his acceptance of the norms of the external social environment and whether he complies with them or not. In the process of socialization, a person learns social norms in society, learns to fulfill various roles, develops skills for behaving in public, and chooses interesting and beneficial communication methods for himself. In this sense, the socialization of a person is based on his knowledge, understanding, and living in social existence.

The rapid transition to renewable energy has placed solar power at the forefront of sustainable electricity generation. Among the critical elements of solar power plants are the electrical devices that convert, manage, distribute, and protect the generated energy. These devices form the backbone of solar power infrastructure, ensuring that solar energy is not only harvested efficiently but also delivered to end-users with safety, reliability, and quality. This abstract explores in detail the various electrical devices employed in solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants, their technical characteristics, functions, operational roles, and integration within the wider electrical grid.

This article comprehensively analyzes the linguistic, semantic-structural and stylistic properties of phrases and incomplete sentences in Russian linguistics. Phrases appear as independent predicative units in the speech process, morphologically invariable, often formed on the basis of modal words, exclamations and short response units. Incomplete sentences, despite the fact that they are syntactically devoid of some parts, are interpreted as sentences that are fully understood through the general speech situation and context. The article covers the theoretical interpretations of these units, the opinions of world and Russian linguists about them, and the features of their use in practical speech. The role of phrases and incomplete sentences in ensuring the expressiveness, conciseness and liveliness of speech is also substantiated.

 This article explores the core aspects and pedagogical advantages of applying facilitation in English language teaching at the university level. Pedagogical facilitation, as a learner-centered approach, enhances student engagement, autonomy, and communication through interactive and reflective learning environments. The study examines how facilitation methods influence English language acquisition, increase learner motivation, and foster soft skills in the context of higher education. Current trends in digital facilitation, blended learning, and communicative approaches are also analyzed to provide a comprehensive perspective on modern English teaching practices.

 This article analyzes the possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the mentoring process for personalization and adaptive learning. In the modern educational environment, an individual approach and comprehensive development of learners are of great importance. AI technologies assist mentors in tailoring the learning process to the abilities and needs of students. The study examines methods for delivering AI-based personalized learning materials and adapting the teaching process in real time. The results indicate that artificial intelligence is a crucial tool for enhancing the effectiveness of mentoring, as well as increasing student engagement and motivation. At the same time, pedagogical and ethical aspects of technology use must be taken into consideration.

Blockchain platforms based on smart contracts rely on cryptographic signature algorithms to verify user actions and provide protection against malicious attacks. Selecting the right algorithm is one of the most important factors in ensuring smart contract security, as cryptography is constantly evolving and new technologies may affect the reliability of existing algorithms. In particular, the development of quantum computers poses a threat to widely used digital signature protocols. This paper proposes a flexible approach to selecting cryptographic signature algorithms to ensure the security of smart contracts. The approach involves managing algorithms and their parameters through special smart contracts deployed on the blockchain ledger, enabling the rapid introduction of new, secure signature methods or the deprecation of outdated ones. This method increases the adaptability of the blockchain to technological advancements, facilitates the adoption of post-quantum signature algorithms, and eliminates the fork problem that often arises during updates. The proposed approach is effective for real-world applications, including industry, complex supply chains, and IoT devices.

This article studies the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and transpiration processes of various tree and shrub species in nut-bearing forests of the Western Tien Shan mountain range. The study analyzed the influence of climate, soil and microclimate factors on plant water exchange and photosynthesis processes. The results showed that light intensity and leaf temperature activate the transpiration process, while relative humidity of the air slows it down. It was noted that high temperature and low soil moisture negatively affected the development of seedlings. The results of the study are important as a scientific basis for ensuring the stability of forest ecosystems in mountainous areas and managing natural regeneration processes.

This article explores the various challenges encountered in the field of foreign language teaching and proposes effective strategies to address them. It begins by identifying common issues such as student motivation, varying proficiency levels, cultural differences, and resource limitations. The author emphasizes the importance of creating an engaging learning environment that fosters enthusiasm and interest in the language being taught.

This article explains general information about compound sentences with a consequent clause, their difference from other compound sentences, the means that connect the consequent clause to the main clause, the views of several scholars on this type of compound sentence, and the types of complex syntactic devices and examples thereof.

The emergence of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies has opened up new possibilities in modern education, particularly in language learning. This paper examines how integrating VR and AR can foster linguistic skills among learners by creating immersive, interactive, and authentic environments. By simulating real-life communication scenarios and enhancing context-based language exposure, these technologies provide learners with dynamic opportunities to develop core language competencies. The study explores the pedagogical advantages, technological challenges, and long-term potential of using VR and AR as tools to support language acquisition. Findings suggest that immersive technologies can significantly improve students’ engagement, motivation, and practical use of language in educational settings.

This article examines the role of projective geometry in solving elementary geometry problems. Projective geometry, a branch of mathematics focusing on properties invariant under projection, provides powerful tools and perspectives that simplify and generalize classical geometric constructions and proofs. By extending the Euclidean plane to include points at infinity and employing concepts such as cross-ratio and harmonic division, projective methods enable elegant solutions to problems involving collinearity, concurrency, and incidence relations. The paper illustrates key projective geometry principles and demonstrates their applications through typical elementary geometry problems, highlighting how projective approaches can unify and enrich traditional Euclidean techniques. This study aims to enhance the understanding and problem-solving skills of students and educators in geometry.

This article highlights the issue of developing students' speech competence through the use of innovative approaches in the process of teaching A. Mukhtar’s story “Lightning at the Edge of the Ravine”. The study shows ways to organize the lesson process based on interactive methods, modern pedagogical technologies, and digital resources. Factors influencing the development of students' speech competence and performance indicators are also analyzed. The article is written based on international IMRAD requirements and is enriched with practical recommendations.

This article analyzes the operating principle of radiators from motor vehicles and its theoretical foundations. thermal processes, radiator production and operation, and heat dissipation mechanisms under various conditions are described. Thermal power through radiators, their scientific fields and technical parameters. based on thermal power, the efficiency of the radiator is highlighted.

This article presents the results of scientific and practical work on the harmful effects and consequences of toxic gases emitted by internal combustion engine cars and vehicles on human health, animal and plant life, and the environment. In addition, every year many people suffer from diseases associated with exhaust and gases emitted by cars, as well as their noise. Today, this process has a negative impact on every country in the world. Unfortunately, such changes have little effect in Uzbekistan.

 This paper presents an analysis of tractors used in combination with feed harvesting machines, enhanced by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The study explores how AI integration improves the operational efficiency, fuel consumption, and overall performance of tractor-harvester aggregates. By utilizing AI-driven data analytics and predictive maintenance, tractors can optimize their functions to adapt to varying field conditions, reduce downtime, and increase productivity. Additionally, AI-based control systems enable precise coordination between tractors and harvesting machines, resulting in smoother operation and minimized crop loss. The research also highlights the environmental benefits of AI-assisted machinery through better fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. The findings suggest that implementing AI in agricultural machinery significantly enhances the sustainability and effectiveness of feed harvesting operations, offering valuable insights for modern farming practices.

This article explores the phenomenon of polysemy within tourism-related terminology in both English and Uzbek languages. Polysemy, the coexistence of multiple meanings within a single term, plays a significant role in the development and understanding of specialized vocabulary in the field of tourism. Through a comparative linguistic analysis, the study identifies common polysemous terms, examines their semantic variations, and highlights the implications for translation and communication between English and Uzbek speakers. The findings contribute to improving terminology management and enhancing cross-cultural understanding in tourism discourse.

This article highlights the main problems in the development of urban passenger transport systems and the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in their solution. AI-based systems play an important role in traffic flow management, traffic congestion reduction, traffic speed increase, and passenger flow analysis. The article also analyzes how AI increases the efficiency of the urban transport system through functions such as real-time data processing, route optimization, and service quality monitoring. As a result, the possibilities of sustainable and intelligent management of urban transport infrastructure using AI technologies are shown.

this article provides a comprehensive and expanded analysis of the close and intrinsic relationship between language and culture, particularly focusing on the role of language in shaping and reflecting national thought. It argues that language is not only a tool for communication but a sophisticated cultural mechanism that reflects the collective identity, values, and worldview of a people. By drawing upon linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cultural studies, the paper explores how national identity is preserved and transmitted through language. It also considers how globalization poses challenges and opportunities for the protection and development of national languages.

This analysis explores the various energy sources used in automotive transport, focusing on gasoline, diesel, electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in optimizing energy efficiency, predicting vehicle performance, and enhancing sustainability. By using AI-driven models, researchers and engineers can assess environmental impacts, forecast energy demands, and develop smart mobility solutions. The integration of AI with automotive systems also enables real-time monitoring and adaptive energy management. This synergy between AI and alternative energy sources is essential for advancing cleaner, more efficient transportation. The study aims to guide future innovation in energy usage and vehicle technologies.

 This in the article Far In the North car to units technician service show and repair improvement main directions analysis We are far away . In the North to cars relatively irresponsible and irresponsible technician service to show positive and negative sides we evaluate and technician service to show collection methods to practice current to grow issues seeing Let's go out .

The state policy implemented in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan is primarily aimed at the fair protection of the interests of each person on the basis of the law. This scientific article provides information on the concept of imposing punishment for multiple convictions in criminal law. In addition, the article describes a number of legal reforms carried out in the field of criminal legislation after the independence years.

The article analyzes the structural elements of human capital and their impact on project efficiency, identifies existing problems and proposes effective solutions. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the systematic study of the relationship between project management and human capital, and also provides recommendations for its implementation in real practice in the modern conditions of the economy of Uzbekistan.

Ethnographisms, as linguistic reflections of cultural artifacts, traditions, and social norms, play a significant role in shaping national mentality. This study investigates how ethnographisms contribute to the formation and preservation of collective cultural identity, focusing on examples from Uzbek language and comparing them with select global contexts. The research explores semantic, pragmatic, and symbolic functions of ethnographisms in everyday language and folklore. The findings highlight their role in transmitting cultural values and sustaining national consciousness across generations

This article examines the economic and educational impacts of bilingual education programs in Guatemala, focusing on their costs and benefits. Drawing on quantitative data from primary schools, the study analyzes how bilingual instruction in indigenous languages alongside Spanish influences academic performance, school attendance, repetition, and dropout rates. The findings indicate that bilingual education not only improves learning outcomes in both the native language and Spanish but also reduces grade repetition and dropout rates, generating substantial cost savings for the education system. The paper further explores the broader socio-economic implications of investing in bilingual education, particularly in multilingual and culturally diverse societies.

This article explores the economic and social returns of investing in early childhood education (ECE), drawing on international research evidence and cost–benefit analyses. It highlights how high-quality early learning programs, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, yield substantial long-term benefits that far exceed the initial costs. These benefits include improved cognitive and socio-emotional skills, higher school readiness, better academic performance, reduced repetition and dropout rates, increased lifetime earnings, and lower social costs in areas such as crime and welfare dependency. Using case studies from both developed and developing countries, the article demonstrates that early interventions have one of the highest returns of any form of public investment, with rates of return estimated between 7% and 18% per year according to Nobel laureate James Heckman’s research. The discussion also examines the equity implications of ECE, emphasizing its role in reducing intergenerational poverty, promoting social inclusion, and fostering human capital development essential for national economic growth. The paper concludes that sustained and well-targeted investment in early childhood education is not only an educational priority but also a critical socio-economic strategy.

Current issues of forensic medical diagnostics of acute radiation injuries were considered. Based on the generalization of the personal experience of the authors and literature data, general and specific issues of organizing and conducting forensic medical work in various variants of radiation injuries were thoroughly covered. Special attention was paid to the specifics of retrieving and referring autopsy materials for additional laboratory studies, as well as measures for radiation protection of medical personnel.

It is beneficial for every student today to consciously choose the learning process that best suits their specific circumstances and abilities. This approach naturally prevents a haphazard attitude towards acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies. In the current era of advanced information and communication technologies, relying solely on e-learning, traditional education, or cutting-edge educational technologies in organizing lessons does not yield optimal results. This is because each educational method has its own strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the combined application of these educational approaches is currently producing positive outcomes in the field of education, and this approach is referred to as blended learning.

 This study focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assess the condition of urban roads and streets, as well as analyze traffic use indicators. It explores how AI technologies—such as image recognition, sensors, and data analytics—are employed to detect road surface damage, monitor infrastructure health, and evaluate traffic patterns. The research highlights the benefits of AI in enabling timely maintenance, improving road safety, and optimizing urban mobility planning. By integrating AI with geographic information systems (GIS) and smart sensors, the study demonstrates improved accuracy and efficiency in urban road condition monitoring and traffic management decision-making processes.

This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing traffic flow management within urban environments. It examines how AI technologies, including machine learning, computer vision, and predictive analytics, contribute to real-time traffic monitoring, congestion reduction, and adaptive signal control systems. The study highlights the integration of AI with smart city infrastructure to enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability. Case studies and current implementations are analyzed to demonstrate AI's effectiveness in reducing delays and improving traffic conditions. The annotation emphasizes the transformative potential of AI in reshaping traffic systems and supporting the development of intelligent transportation networks.

This paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in forecasting vehicle traffic risk during road connection and construction activities. It focuses on how AI models, including machine learning and predictive analytics, can analyze historical traffic data, environmental conditions, and real-time inputs to predict potential congestion, accidents, and disruptions. The study emphasizes AI’s role in proactive traffic management, helping authorities plan safer and more efficient road connections. By identifying high-risk zones and periods, AI-driven forecasting supports strategic decision-making, minimizes delays, and enhances road user safety. The research underlines AI’s capacity to revolutionize traffic risk prediction and infrastructure planning.

In this article, mineral nutrition of winter wheat, the use of organic fertilizers, the rate of mineral fertilizers, the method and timing of application of mineral fertilizers are described in detail. When increasing the yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to take into account the amount and ratio of nutrients in the soil.

 This article provides an in-depth scientific analysis of the physiological development processes of primary school students and their integration mechanisms into pedagogical contexts. The study examines age-specific physiological characteristics, stages of physical growth, and strategies for aligning these processes with the teaching and learning environment. It further explores the interrelationships between neuropsychological, biomechanical, and psychophysiological factors, emphasizing the significance of individual developmental dynamics in enhancing educational outcomes. The research also focuses on the theoretical knowledge and practical competencies required by educators to effectively accommodate physiological development within the primary education framework. By employing a comprehensive approach, the article identifies and systematizes key determinants directly influencing students’ academic performance, offering pedagogical strategies that bridge developmental science and classroom practice.

 The rapid advancement of automation and robotics has significantly transformed the light industry, particularly the textile and garment sectors. With the growing demand for efficiency, accuracy, and sustainability, companies are increasingly adopting automated production lines and robotic systems to replace labor-intensive processes. This article explores the theoretical foundations, current applications, challenges, and future prospects of automation and robotics in light industry. Emphasis is placed on smart factories, digital integration, and Industry 4.0 principles. Furthermore, the study highlights the socio-economic impacts of automation, such as workforce transformation, skill development, and productivity growth. Graphs and tables are provided to illustrate comparative efficiency gains, energy savings, and defect reduction in automated versus traditional production systems. The results suggest that a gradual but consistent integration of robotics leads to significant improvements in product quality, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.

The integration of native language instruction with literature through artistic texts represents a critical pedagogical approach in contemporary language education. This methodology emphasizes the synergy between linguistic competence and literary appreciation, fostering students’ expressive, interpretative, and analytical skills. The study explores the linguostylistic foundations of such integration, highlighting the role of stylistic devices, language variation, and context in enhancing students’ comprehension and creative abilities. Through an examination of both theoretical frameworks and empirical practices, the article demonstrates the efficacy of combining language and literary instruction to promote holistic linguistic development.

This article analyzes the strategic and operational importance of using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the aviation and logistics sectors. AI allows for real-time processing of large amounts of data, optimizing flight schedules, reducing fuel consumption, forecasting maintenance processes, and effectively managing cargo supply chains. In aviation, AI can increase safety levels, minimize delays, and improve customer service. In the logistics sector, it offers great opportunities in processes such as route optimization, demand forecasting, and automated warehouse systems and vehicle management. The study highlights the main areas of increasing competitiveness, reducing costs, and achieving sustainable development through the implementation of AI technologies. It also discusses future innovative AI solutions in the aviation and logistics sectors and their impact on global market trends.

The article discusses issues related to car transit and the problems that arise.

 Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly being utilized in the software development process, bringing improvements in efficiency,speed, and innovative solutions to this field. This article analyzes modern methods and the significance of using AI tools at various stages of software development (design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance). Key aspects such as AI-based automation, error detection, code generation, and user interface optimization are examined. Additionally, the challenges encountered in AI-driven software development, security concerns, and future development prospects are discussed.

This article is devoted to strategies for recycling waste generated during the processing of rare and radioactive metal ores. The article analyzes modern methods of waste management, their environmental and economic efficiency. It also discusses scientific and practical approaches to waste recycling, technological innovations and their impact on the environment. The study considers international experiences in waste recycling and the possibilities of their implementation in the conditions of Uzbekistan. The results show the importance of waste recycling strategies in resource conservation and environmental protection.

This article explains general information about compound sentences with a consequent clause, their difference from other compound sentences, the means that connect the consequent clause to the main clause, the views of several scholars on this type of compound sentence, and the types of complex syntactic devices and examples thereof.

This article examines the role and significance of innovative technologies in shaping modern approaches to pedagogical activity. The study emphasizes the need to transform traditional educational practices into technology-driven and interactive forms, focusing on digitalization, artificial intelligence, e-learning platforms, and virtual pedagogical environments. The research highlights the ways in which innovative technologies contribute to improving the quality of teaching, fostering students’ creative and critical thinking, and increasing the effectiveness of educational management.

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of pathological conditions, including insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and abdominal obesity, which significantly affect various body systems. One of the important aspects of metabolic syndrome is its impact on eye health, especially on the development of inflammatory diseases such as conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis against the background of metabolic syndrome can have various clinical manifestations, including redness, itching, tearing, and eye swelling. The pathogenesis of these diseases includes both the direct effect of metabolic disorders and the secondary weakening of immune defense. Endocrine and metabolic disorders contribute to changes in the structure of tear fluid, which increases susceptibility to inflammation and infections.

A comprehensive approach to treating conjunctivitis against the background of metabolic syndrome includes both systemic and local therapeutic methods. The most important areas of treatment are the correction of metabolic disorders using drugs aimed at reducing blood sugar levels, improving lipid metabolism, and normalizing blood pressure. Local treatment of conjunctivitis includes the appointment of anti-inflammatory and antiseptic medications, as well as the use of medications to improve the condition of the tear film. Thus, effective treatment of conjunctivitis in patients with metabolic syndrome requires an individual approach, which includes both the correction of the underlying disease and the use of specific therapy to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.

This article analyzes the process of professional self-awareness of graduating students and the pedagogical conditions that play an important role in its formation. The article highlights the content of the concept of professional self-awareness, factors influencing its development, the role of the pedagogical environment in school and the tasks of the teacher. Also, effective methods and modern approaches to organizing career guidance activities are considered.

 This article analyzes the material and procedural aspects of the concept and significance of procedural forms at the pre-investigation stage of the criminal process. The requirements for procedural forms during the pre-investigation stage and the legal consequences of their non-compliance are theoretically and practically explained on the basis of national legislative documents. At the same time, the opinions and considerations of theoretical scientists in this field are analyzed.

 This article examines the changes in rural infrastructure in Surkhandarya region during the years of independence (1991–2021). Particular attention is paid to the construction of roads, electricity and gas supply, water systems, as well as social facilities such as schools, hospitals, and cultural centers. It also analyzes the methodology of teaching these processes to students in order to develop their analytical skills.

Athletics is very important for developing endurance and fitness among sports. Increasing the overall endurance of high school girls will further increase their interest in physical health and sports. This article presents suggestions for improving the methodology of endurance training in athletics circles.

Otkir Hoshimov's "The Works of the World" is one of the rare works of art in Uzbek literature that deeply and vividly illuminates the theme of spiritual values. This story is written in the memoir genre and is based on the events of the writer's childhood. According to the writer, "There is a magical power in the world that knows no boundaries and shines like the sun. This is Mother's love!" . This value is expressed in all parts of the work.

This article analyzes the opportunities and benefits of implementing Kaizen principles in improving business activity in the region. It shows how the main principles of the Kaizen approach - continuous process improvement, active employee participation, quality improvement and efficient use of resources - can be applied in small businesses and private entrepreneurs. The study developed practical recommendations for implementing the Kaizen model, taking into account regional economic conditions, existing problems and development prospects. The results show that the implementation of Kaizen principles is an important factor in improving the efficiency of business entities.

This article examines the pedagogical characteristics of integrating innovative technologies into music education, highlighting how digital tools, multimedia resources, and interactive platforms transform teaching and learning processes. The study analyzes both theoretical and practical dimensions of technology-enhanced music pedagogy, emphasizing its role in fostering creativity, enhancing learner engagement, and supporting individualized and collaborative learning. Special attention is given to the interplay between traditional instructional approaches and modern technological innovations, exploring how they collectively shape musical competencies, cognitive development, and aesthetic appreciation. Furthermore, the article reviews recent international research to identify effective strategies for implementing technology in music classrooms and discusses the challenges and pedagogical considerations inherent in such integration. The findings underscore the importance of pedagogically grounded, context-sensitive approaches that align technological applications with educational objectives and learner needs.

 This article explores the theoretical foundations of music education by examining its philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical underpinnings, as well as its historical evolution and contemporary challenges. The research emphasizes the role of music education as a socio-cultural phenomenon that not only transmits artistic values but also fosters intellectual, emotional, and moral development. Special attention is given to the dialectical relationship between tradition and innovation in shaping music pedagogy. The study critically reviews the works of international scholars who have significantly contributed to this field and analyzes methodological approaches employed in the study of music education. The paper highlights the importance of integrating interdisciplinary perspectives and contextual methodologies to ensure the sustainability and relevance of music education in a rapidly changing globalized world.

Music education, beyond its artistic value, serves as a transformative force within society by fostering creativity, cultural awareness, and social cohesion. This article examines the role of music education in shaping human development, reinforcing cultural identity, and contributing to social integration in the context of global educational reforms. The study highlights the philosophical and pedagogical foundations of music education while analyzing its socio-cultural functions in diverse communities. Drawing upon contemporary scholarly perspectives, the paper argues that music education must be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon, one that not only cultivates musical skills but also promotes democratic participation, intercultural dialogue, and the ethical formation of individuals. Ultimately, music education emerges as a vital instrument for both personal growth and societal progress.

This article explores the pedagogical foundations of music education by analyzing its theoretical underpinnings, historical evolution, and practical applications in contemporary educational systems. Music, as both an art form and a pedagogical tool, plays a crucial role in shaping learners’ intellectual, emotional, and cultural development. The study emphasizes how pedagogical theories—ranging from constructivist and humanistic approaches to competency-based education—inform the design of music curricula and instructional strategies. Drawing on global scholarly perspectives, the paper highlights the integrative nature of music education, which fosters creativity, intercultural understanding, and holistic growth. By critically examining both traditional and modern practices, this article provides insights into how music pedagogy can be adapted to meet the challenges of globalization, technological innovation, and the increasing need for interdisciplinary teaching. The findings underscore the importance of music education not only as a subject of study but also as a vital dimension of personality formation, socialization, and cultural continuity.

This article explores the challenges of reproducing the linguistic means of the “Non/Bread” concept in Uzbek and English translation. The study investigates literal and figurative meanings, their cultural semantic load, and the degree of equivalence in translation. Full, partial, and non-equivalences are analyzed across different linguistic levels with illustrative examples. Particular attention is given to phraseological units and proverbs containing the bread/non component, emphasizing their status as linguocultural markers. The research highlights the effectiveness of transliteration, descriptive translation, and mixed techniques in rendering culturally bound expressions. Findings demonstrate that cultural differences in conceptualizing bread require translators to rely on context, pragmatic meaning, and functional-stylistic features. The study concludes that adequate translation of bread-related units depends largely on the translator’s linguocultural competence and sensitivity to cultural nuances.

This article discusses linguocultural studies of phraseological units with several somatic components in the Uzbek and English languages. A phraseological unit or phrase, although the phrase is very ancient in origin, the history of the science of phraseology goes back several hundred years. Phraseologisms are the wealth of a nation, and their sources are closely related to nature, economic structure, history, culture, way of life, oral literature, fiction, art, science, and customs of the place where a particular people lives.

This article analyzes the main

This article analyzes the main causes of poverty, state policies aimed at reducing it, mechanisms for increasing incomes, and modern approaches to ensuring social equality. The article also considers strategic measures aimed at improving the living standards of the population through economic growth, employment policy, professional development, and entrepreneurship development.

causes of poverty, state policies aimed at reducing it, mechanisms for increasing incomes, and modern approaches to ensuring social equality. The article also considers strategic measures aimed at improving the living standards of the population through economic growth, employment policy, professional development, and entrepreneurship development.

Optimal conditions for obtaining granular and liquid nitrogen calcium and magnesium fertilizers, as well as Mg(OH)2 and MgO, by decomposing dolomite raw material with nitric acid to form a solution of Ca(NO₃)₂ and Mg(NO₃)₂ and ammonizing this solution with ammonia were studied.

This article studies the development and implementation of modular teaching technology and the adopted modular principles of teaching in the educational process, and highlights how they can be used in the modern education system. Also, conclusions and suggestions are made about the significant effect of this methodology in theoretical and practical training.

 The paper presents the results of selecting the composition of composite gypsum materials using inorganic fillers - ash microspheres, which are formed during the combustion of coal at thermal power plants.

Based on the laboratory studies, composite compositions have been developed for obtaining thermal insulation building products with low bulk density. The rheological properties and physical and mechanical properties of mortar mixtures have been studied and the optimal compositions of composite gypsum mixtures for the production of thermal insulation materials using aluminosilicate ash microspheres have been determined.

 This article presents data on the changes in protein content under different soil-climatic conditions under the influence of soil-climatic conditions and harvest dates based on grain moisture.

This study examines the development of dual education in pedagogical higher education institutions within the framework of international educational programs. The research emphasizes the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge with practical training in order to improve the quality of teacher education. By analyzing international practices and adapting them to the local context, the study highlights strategies to foster professional competencies, enhance academic mobility, and promote sustainable innovations in pedagogy. Furthermore, the paper addresses the challenges and prospects of implementing dual education models to meet the demands of the global labor market and to strengthen collaboration between universities and educational institutions.

 The integration of digital technologies in educational settings has fundamentally transformed pedagogical approaches, creating a paradigm shift from traditional teacher-centered methodologies to more dynamic student-centered learning environments. The analysis reveals that successful pedagogical transformation requires not merely technological implementation but strategic integration that prioritizes learner needs, promotes active participation, and fosters critical thinking skills. The research contributes to understanding how educational institutions can leverage technological innovations to create more inclusive, engaging, and effective learning environments that prepare students for the demands of the digital age.

Author describes the experience of using ready-made neural networks (ChatGPT) and those developed by means of chat bot designers as a means of teaching Russian as a foreign language; the advantages and disadvantages of introducing chatbots in teaching business and scientific communication are revealed; the prospects for introducing artificial intelligence into the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language are determined.

Independent researchers in technical sciences play a significant role in the advancement of engineering, technology, and applied sciences. Their contributions often arise outside institutional frameworks, bringing fresh perspectives, innovative methodologies, and interdisciplinary approaches. This article examines the current position of independent research in technical sciences, exploring the methods employed, the challenges faced, and the potential outcomes that contribute to global scientific progress. The study concludes that while independent research encounters financial, infrastructural, and recognition-related limitations, it remains an essential driver of innovation and a complement to institutional research.

This paper analyzes the potential risks and consequences of water scarcity for the agricultural economy of Uzbekistan. The depletion of water resources not only reduces productivity in the field, but also directly affects financial flows, market price volatility, and food security. Historical processes - the drying up of the Aral Sea, over-irrigation practices, salinization, and land reclamation problems - have exacerbated current economic pressures. At the same time, climate change, more frequent droughts, and increased competition for water resources are expected to pose serious threats to the sustainability of agriculture in the future. The study discusses the economic consequences of water scarcity, their impact on farms, the domestic market, and export potential. The solutions proposed include the widespread introduction of water-saving technologies, the introduction of digital control over water distribution, and enhanced regional cooperation.

This article comprehensively analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the modern education system. AI is creating positive opportunities in education, such as personalization, rapid assessment, automation of the pedagogical process, and expanding access to education. At the same time, the article deeply examines the potential risks of AI technologies - including problems with academic integrity, the weakening of the pedagogical role, data security, and negative consequences leading to social inequality. The article puts forward an educational model based on human-AI cooperation as the most optimal approach.

Today in the globalization world all languages interrelate with others, in the result of which they borrow elements of other languages. Borrowing is as one of the most productive ways of enriching vocabulary. They come in the result of language contact, which is the social and linguistic phenomenon by which users of different languages interact with one another, leading to a transfer of linguistic features. In the results of language contacts of English and Uzbek languages many English words, phrases, even suffixes were borrowed and is being borrowed. Most of them are international words. In other words they denote same meaning in several languages. The given work is dedicated to study the of international words of English origin, their etymology and assimilation, their role in the development of English-Uzbek language contacts.

This study is dedicated to analyzing the influence of the English language as a tool for collaborative learning on the development of general professional (intercultural communication, collaboration, critical thinking) and specific (linguistic skills, language teaching methodology) competencies of pedagogical students. An experiment involving 80 students from KSU and YKSG showed a significant increase in competencies, especially in speaking and intercultural communication, which underscores the importance of language training in globalized pedagogical education. The results offer recommendations for integrating English-language modules into international teacher training programs.

This study is dedicated to the analysis of psychological barriers that hinder the effective practical training of future teachers in collaborative learning between KSU and YKSG. The main focus is on problems such as stress caused by intercultural differences, decreased motivation, and anxiety, as well as the development of strategies to overcome them. An experiment involving 70 students showed that the implementation of psychological support (training, reflection) significantly reduces stress and increases motivation, contributing to the development of general professional competencies. The results emphasize the importance of psychological support in intercultural educational programs and offer recommendations for integrating such measures into the curriculum.

This article explores the pedagogical problems associated with improving the practical training of future teachers within the framework of collaborative learning between KSU and YKSG. The main focus is on identifying barriers such as curriculum misalignment, differences in pedagogical standards, and coordination difficulties, as well as developing ways to overcome them. An experiment involving 90 students showed that joint practical modules contribute to a significant improvement in methodological and organizational skills. The results emphasize the need to unify educational approaches for effective intercultural training. The recommendations are aimed at integrating joint practices into curricula to improve the quality of pedagogical education.

The article examines the effectiveness of interactive and problem-based approaches in developing general professional competencies in future teachers within a collaborative learning framework between two universities. Based on empirical data, it is shown that these methods contribute to a significant increase in communication, critical thinking, and collaboration skills. The results underscore the importance of intercultural exchange for modernizing pedagogical education.

This study analyzes the role of digital transformation in collaborative learning between KSU and YKSG, with a focus on integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) and intercultural approaches to form professional competencies of future teachers. An experiment involving 120 students showed that using ICT (Google Workspace, Canva, Moodle) combined with intercultural modules (case studies, role-playing games) significantly enhances general professional (communication, leadership) and specific (teaching methods) competencies, and also reduces psychological barriers, such as stress from intercultural interaction. The results highlight the potential of digital tools in the globalization of pedagogical education and offer recommendations for their integration into international teacher training programs.

The article explores the impact of project-based educational technologies (PET) and information and communication technologies (ICT) on the development of general professional (planning, leadership, communication) and specific (subject-specific skills) competencies in pedagogical students within a collaborative learning framework. An experiment involving students from KSU and YKSG showed a significant increase in competencies, which underscores the potential for integrating PET and ICT into intercultural educational programs. The data obtained offer recommendations for modernizing pedagogical education.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has introduced new opportunities for enhancing the professional competence of future teachers. In the modern educational paradigm, the integration of AI into pedagogical practice is not merely an auxiliary tool but a transformative factor that reshapes teaching methodologies, learning strategies, and assessment mechanisms. This article examines the pedagogical features of developing professional competence among prospective educators through the application of AI-based technologies. Special attention is devoted to the ways in which AI contributes to strengthening cognitive, methodological, and reflective skills, while simultaneously fostering adaptability to the rapidly changing demands of the digital age.

This article explores the methodological and strategic foundations for improving the management system of educational quality control mechanisms, drawing upon the best practices and policy frameworks adopted in developed countries. It critically analyzes the strengths and limitations of existing control systems in the context of digital transformation, with a focus on enhancing transparency, accountability, and data-driven governance. The study emphasizes the integration of advanced digital technologies—such as artificial intelligence, learning analytics, and cloud-based platforms—into national education management structures to support real-time quality monitoring and decision-making. Case studies from countries such as Finland, Singapore, and South Korea are examined to identify transferable models of educational supervision and performance evaluation. Furthermore, the paper proposes a conceptual framework for Uzbekistan, combining international standards with localized policy mechanisms to ensure sustainable and scalable improvement in educational quality. The findings of this research aim to contribute to the modernization of national education quality assurance systems, strengthen institutional capacity, and align governance processes with global benchmarks for educational excellence.

This article examines the role and significance of innovative technologies in shaping modern approaches to pedagogical activity. The study emphasizes the need to transform traditional educational practices into technology-driven and interactive forms, focusing on digitalization, artificial intelligence, e-learning platforms, and virtual pedagogical environments. The research highlights the ways in which innovative technologies contribute to improving the quality of teaching, fostering students’ creative and critical thinking, and increasing the effectiveness of educational management.

The organizational elements affecting industrial companies' efficient use of worker potential are examined in this study.  This article highlights important elements that support labor potential optimization by examining different organizational practices, management techniques, and work environment characteristics.  The results show that corporate culture, technological adoption, employee motivation, and leadership styles all have a big influence on how much labor is used.  The significance of strategic human resource practices is emphasized in the recommendations for better labor potential management.

The article presents a comparative analysis of linguocultural units in the Uzbek and Tajik languages. Linguoculturology, as a scientific field, examines cultural and spiritual values reflected in language. The study analyzes such concepts as mother, bread, hospitality, labour, nature, animal imagery, ritual expressions, religious values, love and loyalty, and metaphorical constructions. The findings indicate that due to the historical closeness of the two nations, many similarities exist, but national specificities remain in ritual and everyday expressions.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most pressing issues in modern medicine, and its early diagnosis plays a crucial role in preserving patients’ quality of life and reducing complications. Neuroimaging methods, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are considered key diagnostic tools in the early detection of stroke. CT provides rapid results in differentiating between hemorrhagic and ischemic types during the acute stage, while MRI demonstrates high sensitivity in identifying small lesions and early changes in brain tissue. This article analyzes the clinical significance of ischemic stroke, the role of neuroimaging in its early diagnosis, and the capabilities of CT and MRI based on modern scientific literature.

 The article examines the issue of improving knowledge based on the syllogisms of Abu Ali ibn Sina. He defends the concept that through the influence of external forces, i.e. divine reason on human nature, thinking appears, then the desire to study, which ultimately leads to cognition. Through the construction of logical methods of study, in his opinion, a person can prepare a structure of the studied. Ordinary knowledge through the active use of reason can move to a higher stage of cognition.

Vocabulary acquisition is one of the most critical and challenging aspects of foreign language learning. This article explores two scientifically grounded techniques - spaced repetition and associative memorization—that significantly enhance vocabulary retention and recall. The spaced repetition method optimizes review intervals based on memory decay patterns, while associative techniques leverage the brain’s preference for vivid imagery and meaningful connections. Combining these methods allows learners to systematically build and retain large vocabularies more efficiently. The article also discusses technological tools, common mistakes to avoid, and ways to personalize the learning process according to individual cognitive styles.

This article explores the multifaceted psycho-emotional impact of cochlear implantation (CI) on both children and their families. It examines the psychological adjustments required by children as they adapt to hearing with a CI, including changes in self-perception, identity, and social interactions. The article also investigates the emotional experiences of parents and other family members, such as initial hopes and expectations, adjustments to therapy schedules, and potential stress related to financial burdens and communication challenges. Furthermore, it addresses the ways in which CI affects family dynamics, sibling relationships, and overall family well-being. The study draws on qualitative and quantitative research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the psycho-emotional aspects of CI from both the child's and the family's points of view, highlighting the importance of psychological support and counseling services to promote positive adaptation and resilience.

This article explores various methods for stimulating auditory neuroplasticity following cochlear implantation (CI). Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, is crucial for optimizing outcomes after CI. The article reviews strategies aimed at enhancing auditory pathway development and function, including auditory training techniques, music therapy interventions, language-based rehabilitation programs, and the use of technology-assisted learning platforms. It examines the evidence base for each method, highlighting the underlying neural mechanisms and the potential benefits for speech perception, language development, and overall communication skills. The article also discusses the importance of individualized approaches, considering factors such as age at implantation, duration of deafness, and cognitive abilities. By synthesizing current research and clinical insights, this review provides practical guidance for professionals seeking to maximize auditory neuroplasticity and improve long-term outcomes for CI recipients.

This article explores the concept of the imperfect integral from a student’s perspective, highlighting the challenges and misconceptions that arise during the learning process. By analyzing common pitfalls and providing insights into effective strategies for grasping this mathematical concept, the article aims to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. Through a combination of illustrative examples and personal experiences, it offers readers a unique viewpoint on how students can better navigate the complexities of the imperfect integral and foster a deeper appreciation for calculus.   

This article delves into the fascinating intersection between music and mathematics, exploring how musical rhythms can be represented through mathematical functions and waves. By analyzing the structure of sound and its representation in terms of sine and cosine waves, the article reveals the intrinsic relationship between musical notation and mathematical principles. Through examples such as the Fourier series, which allows for the decomposition of complex musical signals into simpler waveforms, the discussion highlights how mathematical concepts not only enhance our understanding of music theory but also influence practical applications in fields like signal processing and acoustics. The article aims to inspire readers to appreciate the harmony between mathematics and music, encouraging a deeper exploration of how they can inform and enrich one another.